Foot

Question 1

List the extrinsic muscles of the toe

Answer 1

Extensor hallucis longus
Flexor hallucis longus
Fibularis longus

Question 2

List the intrinsic muscles of the toe and give their action

Answer 2

Extensor hallucis brevis (toe extension)
Flexor hallucis brevis (toe flexion)
Adductor hallucis (toe adduction)
Abductor hallucis (toe abduction)

Question 3

Of the 4 intrinsic toe muscles, which are on the plantar and dorsal surfaces?

Answer 3

Dorsum = extensor hallucis brevis
Plantar = flexor hallucis brevis, abductor hallucis, adductor hallucis

Question 4

List the extrinsic muscles of the digits of the foot

Answer 4

Flexor digitorum longus
Extensor digitorum longus
Tibialis anterior
Tibialis posterior
Fibularis brevis
Fibularis tertius

Question 5

List the intrinsic muscles of the digits of the foot and give their action

Answer 5

Extensor digitorum brevis (digit extension)
Flexor digitorum brevis (digit flexion)
Abductor digiti minimi (little toe abduction)
Flexor digiti minimi (little toe flexion)
Quadratus plantae (flexion at DIPs)
Lumbricals
Interossei

Question 6

How many lumbrical muscles are there in the foot?

Answer 6

4

Question 7

How many interossei muscles are there in the foot?

Answer 7

7

Question 8

List the five types of joints in the foot

Answer 8

Subtalar (talus - calcaneus)
Midtarsal (calcaneus - cuboid - talus)
Tarsometatarsal (cuneiforms, cuboid and MTs)
MTP
IP

Question 9

What bones make up the hindfoot, midfoot and forefoot respectively?

Answer 9

Talus and calcaneus
Navicular, cuboid, cuneiforms
MTs and phalanges

Question 10

What are the three arches of the foot?

Answer 10

Medial longitudinal
Lateral longitudinal
Transverse

Question 11

List the posterior ankle tendons in the tarsal tunnel starting from closest posteriorly to MM to furthest away

Answer 11

TOM: Tibial posterior
DICK: Flexor digitorium longus
AND: Posterior tibial artery
VERY: Posterior tibial vein
NERVOUS: Tibial nerve
HARRY: Flexor hallucis longus

Question 12

What is the main blood supply to the foot, give it’s origin and branches?

Answer 12

Dorsalis pedis (from A tibial artery) ---> Arcuate arteries
M + L plantar arteries (from P tibial artery) ---> MT arteries ---> Digit arteries

Question 13

What is the main venous supply from the foot?

Answer 13

SUPERFICIAL: dorsal venous arch into great and small saphenous veins
DEEP: A + P tibial and fibular veins into popliteal vein

Question 14

What is the motor nerve supply to the foot?

Answer 14

SOLE: Tibial nerve
DORSUM: Deep fibular nerve

Question 15

What is the sensory nerve supply to the foot?

Answer 15

1ST CLEFT: Superficial fibular nerve
PROX. LATERAL: Sural nerve
PROX. MEDIAL: Saphenous nerve

Question 16

The lymphatics of the foot accompany…

Answer 16

Great and small saphenous veins

Question 17

The normal response in the ankle reflex is…

What nerve roots are being tested?

Answer 17

Plantarflexion

S1, 2

Question 18

What is the main clinical sign of an unstable ankle joint?

Answer 18

Talar shift on XR

Question 19

What is the most common cause of heel pain?

Answer 19

Plantar fascitis

Question 20

Elongation of the tibialis posterior tendon can cause…

Answer 20

Flat foot or hindfoot valgus

Question 21

What can result if there is an imbalance of flexor and extensor tendons in the toes?

Answer 21

Claw and hammer toe deformities