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Exam 3 MSK 2019 > Gluteal Region and Posterior Thigh > Flashcards

Gluteal Region and Posterior Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

Gluteal aponeurosis

A

thickened fascia covering the gluteus medius (deep to gluteus maximus.

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2
Q

Lumbar punctures landmarks

A

A line connecting the tops of the iliac crests = LV4

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3
Q

landmark for the inferior limit of the dural sac

A

The PSIS (SV2) can sometimes be indicated by a skin dimple in the overlying skin.

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4
Q

Muscles of gluteal region (general actions)

A

prime movers in extension, rotation of thigh

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5
Q

Muscles of the gluteal region (general innervation)

A

various branches of the sacral plexus

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6
Q

Muscles of the gluteal region (general blood supply)

A

branches of the internal iliac a

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7
Q

Sacrotuberous ligament

A

from sacrum/ coccyx to ischial tuberosity.

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8
Q

Sacrospinous ligament

A

– from sacrum to ischial spine

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9
Q

Sacrotuberous ligament + Sacrospinous ligament

A

transform the sciatic notches into greater and lesser sciatic foramina.

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10
Q

Greater sciatic foramen

A

Provides the route for arteries, veins, and nerves to get from the pelvis to the gluteal region.

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11
Q

Gluteus maximus

A

Origin – dorsal surface of sacrum and ilium (posterior to posterior gluteal line); sacrotuberous ligament

Insertion – lateral tibial condyle(via IT band); gluteal tuberosity of femur

Innervation – inferior gluteal n.

Function – extension and lateral rotation of thigh; via attachment to IT band, assists with stabilizing the extended knee.

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12
Q

Superficial layer of the Gluteal Region

A

Gluteus maximus, medius, and minimus

– extensors, abductors, and medial rotators of thigh (femur)

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13
Q

Tronchanteric bursa

A

separates gluteus maximus from greater tronchanter.

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14
Q

Ischial bursa

A

separates gluteus maximus from ischial tuberosity.

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15
Q

Gluteus minimus

A

Origin – dorsal surface of ilium (between anterior and inferior gluteal lines)

Insertion – greater trochanter of femur

Innervation – superior gluteal n.

Function – abduction and medial rotation of thigh; keep pelvis level when contralateral limb is unsupported (during swing phase of gait).

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16
Q

Tensor Fasciae Latae

A

Origin – ASIS and anterior iliac crest

Insertion – iliotibial band to lateral tibial condyle (Gerdy’s tubercle)

Innervation – superior gluteal n.

Function – abduction and medial rotation of thigh; via attachment to IT band, assists with stabilizing the extended knee.

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17
Q

Deep layer of the Gluteal Region

A

piriformis, gemelli, obturator internus, quadratus femoris

lateral rotators of the thigh; also help to stabilize the head of the femur in the acetabulum.

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18
Q

Piriformis

A

Origin – anterior sacrum

Insertion – greater trochanter

Innervation – nerve to piriformis (S1, S2)

Function – abduction and lateral rotation of the thigh

19
Q

Obturator internus

A

Origin – internal surface of obturator foramen/fascia

Insertion – greater trochanter

Innervation – nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1, S2)

Function – lateral rotation of the thigh

20
Q

Superior gemellus

A

Origin – ischial spine

Insertion – tendon of obturator internus

Innervation – nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1, S2)

Function – lateral rotation of the thigh

21
Q

Inferior gemellus

A

Origin – ischial tuberosity

Insertion – tendon of obturator internus

Innervation – nerve to quadratus femoris (L4, L5, S1)

Function – lateral rotation of the thigh

22
Q

Quadratus femoris

A

Origin – ischial tuberosity

Insertion – quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest of femur

Innervation – nerve to quadratus femoris (L4, L5, S1)

Function – lateral rotation of the thigh

23
Q

Posterior Thigh General Actions

A

The hamstrings! Prime movers in extension of the thigh and flexion of the knee.

24
Q

Posterior Thigh General Innervation

A

The sciatic nerve (tibial component; except for biceps femoris short head).

25
Q

Posterior Thigh General Blood supply

A

Perforating branches of the deep femoral a.

26
Q

Semitendinosus

A

Origin – ischial tuberosity

Insertion – medial tibial condyle (pes anserinus)

Innervation – tibial component of sciatic nerve

Function – extension of thigh; flexion of leg and medial rotation of tibia

27
Q

Semimembranosus

A

Origin – ischial tuberosity

Insertion – posterior portion of medial tibial condyle

Innervation – tibial component of sciatic nerve

Function – extension of thigh; flexion of leg

28
Q

Biceps femoris Long Head

A

Origin: – long head - ischial tuberosity

Insertion – head of fibula

Innervation – long head - tibial component of sciatic nerve

Function – long head - extension of thigh; flexion of leg

29
Q

Biceps femoris Short Head

A

Origin –short head – lateral lip of distal linea aspera

Insertion – head of fibula

Innervation –short head – common fibular component of sciatic nerve

Function – short head - flexion of leg

30
Q

General Innervation of Gluteal Region and Posterior Thigh

A

Primarily from the sacral plexus (L4,L5, S1, S2, S3)

31
Q

Superior Gluteal Nerve

A
  1. Provides motor innervation to gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and TFL
  2. L4,L5,S1
  3. Exits the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen (superior to piriformis).
32
Q

Inferior Gluteal Nerve

A
  1. Provides motor innervation to gluteus maximus
  2. L5,S1, S2
  3. Exits the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen (inferior to piriformis).
33
Q

Nerve to Quadratus Femoris

A
  1. Provides motor innervation to quadratus femoris and inferior gemmellus
  2. L4,L5,S1
  3. Exits the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen (inferior to piriformis).
34
Q

Nerve to Obturator Internus

A
  1. Provides motor innervation to obturator internus and superior gemmellus
  2. L5,S1, S2
  3. Exits the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen (inferior to piriformis).
35
Q

Nerve to piriformis

A
  1. Provides motor innervation to piriformis

2. S1-S2

36
Q

Sciatic Nerve

A
  1. Provides motor innervation to all muscles of posterior thigh, entire leg and foot. Also provides sensory innervation to posterior leg, lateral leg and foot.
  2. L4, L5,S1, S2, S3
  3. Composed of two nerves – the common fibular component and tibial component.
37
Q

Posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh

A
  1. Provides sensory innervation to lateral perineum, inferior gluteal region (via inferior clunial nerves), posterior thigh, and popliteal fossa.
  2. S1-S3
  3. Exits the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen (inferior to piriformis).
38
Q

Clunial nerves

A 
1.	Provide general sensation to skin of gluteal region.
Three:
b.	Superior – dorsal rami L1-L3
c.	Middle – dorsal rami S1-S3
d.	Inferior – ventral rami S1-S3
39
Q

Superior gluteal a.

A

a. Branch of posterior division of the internal iliac artery.
b. Exits pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen (superior to piriformis).
c. Superficial branch supplies gluteus maximus
d. Deep branch courses between and supplies gluteus medius and minimus (and TFL).

40
Q

Inferior gluteal a.

A

a. Branch of anterior division of the internal iliac artery.
b. Exits pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen (inferior to piriformis).
c. Supplies gluteus maximus and all of the deep muscles of the thigh

41
Q

Superior gluteal v.

A

Tributary to internal iliac vein.

Receives venae comitantes of artery

42
Q

Inferior gluteal v.

A

Tributary to internal iliac vein.

Receives venae comitantes of artery.

43
Q

Lymphatic drainage of the deep gluteal region

A

Superior and inferior gluteal lymph nodes → internal iliac lymph nodes → lumbar lymph nodes

44
Q

Lymphatic drainage of the superficial gluteal region

A

Superficial inguinal lymph nodes → external iliac lymph nodes → lumbar lymph nodes

Exam 3 MSK 2019 (6 decks)

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