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(M) MSK Anatomy of the Lower Limb > Gluteal Region > Flashcards

Gluteal Region Flashcards

1
Q

name the muscles of the superficial muscle group

A
  • gluteus maximus
  • gluteus medius
  • gluteus minimus
  • tensor fascia latae
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2
Q

what are the actions of the superficial muscle group

A
  • extensors
  • abductors
  • medial rotators of the thigh (gluteus media and minimus)
  • lateral rotators of the thigh (gluteus maximus)
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3
Q

what is the function of the tensor fascia latae

A

tenses the fascia latae and helps tense the iliotibial tract

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4
Q

what nerve innervates the gluteus maximus

A

inferior gluteal nerve

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5
Q

what nerve innervates the gluteus medius and minimus

A

superior gluteal nerve

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6
Q

spinal level of inferior gluteal nerve

A

L5-S2

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7
Q

spinal level of superior gluteal nerve

A

L4, 5 and S1

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8
Q

what does Trendelenburg’s Test show

A

pathology of the superior gluteal nerve

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9
Q

how to you perform Trendelenberg’s Test

A

stand on one leg, the pelvis will tilt down on the unsupported leg as the gluteus medius and minimus are no longer supporting the pelvis

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10
Q

name the muscles of the deep muscle group

A
  • piniformis
  • obturator internus
  • gemelli
  • quadratus femoris
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11
Q

what are the actions of the deep muscle group

A
  • lateral rotators of the thigh

- hip stabilisers

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12
Q

what nerves innervate the muscles of the deep group

- what plexus

A
  • piriformis - anterior ramus of S1 and 2
  • superior gemelli - nerve to obturator internus
  • inferior gemelli - nerve to quadratus femoris
  • obturator internus - nerve to obturator internus
  • quadratus femoris - nerve to quadratus femoris

(sacral plexus)

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13
Q

what foramen do most nerves and vessels in the pelvis (a) and perineum (b) pass through

A

a. greater sciatic foramen

b. lesser sciatic foramen

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14
Q

what forms the sciatic foramen

A

sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments

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15
Q

what are foramen without ligaments called

A

knotches

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16
Q

spinal level of the sciatic nerve

A

L4-S3

17
Q

where does the sciatic nerve supply and its branches supply

A

posterior thigh, all leg and foot muscles and most of the skin

18
Q

name the branches of the sciatic nerve

A

tibial and common fibular

19
Q

spinal level of the pudendal nerve

A

S2-S4

20
Q

where does the pudendal nerve supply (mnemonic)

A

perineum

S2, 3, 4 keeps pelvis and penis off the floor

21
Q

spinal level of the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh

A

S1-S3

22
Q

where does the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh supply

A

skin over posterior thigh, popliteal fossa, lateral perineum and upper medial thigh

23
Q

where does the sciatic nerve usually exit (a) and where is it in the sciatic foramen compared to other structures (b)

A

(a) inferior to the piriformis

(b) most lateral

24
Q

what is the sciatic nerve’s blood supply called

A

artery to the sciatic nerve

25
Q

where does the sciatic nerve normally branch

A

distal 1/3 of the thigh

26
Q

describe the two branches of the sciatic nerve

A

tibial - larger and medial

fibular - smaller and lateral

27
Q

where does the gluteus maximus attach to

A

iliac crest, sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament and coccyx proximally
iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity of the femur distally

28
Q

where do the gluteus minimus and medius attach to

A

gluteal aspect of the ilium and anterolateral aspect of the greater trochanter of the femur

29
Q

what does the inferior gluteal NVB contain, where is it located and supply

A

contains the inferior gluteal artery, vein and nerve, located deep to the gluteus maximus and supplies the gluteus maximus

30
Q

what does the superior gluteal NVB contain, where is it located and supply

A

contains the superior gluteal artery, vein and nerve, located deep to the gluteus medius and supplies the gluteus medius and minimus

31
Q

how are the muscles of the deep layer arranged

A

strips running transversely from (medial to lateral) between the sacrum, ilium and ishial spine and the tiberosity medially to the greater trochanter of the femur laterally

32
Q

what is the iliotibial tract

A

thickening of the fascia latae of the thigh

33
Q

where does the iliotibial tract run

A

form the ASIS to the lateral aspect of the tibial condyle at Gerdy’s tubercle

34
Q

what is the tensor fascia latae and where is it

A

the tensor fascia latae is the muscular part of the fascia lata and it’s enclosed in the proximal part of the tract

(M) MSK Anatomy of the Lower Limb (6 decks)

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