Gluteal Region Flashcards
name the muscles of the superficial muscle group
- gluteus maximus
- gluteus medius
- gluteus minimus
- tensor fascia latae
what are the actions of the superficial muscle group
- extensors
- abductors
- medial rotators of the thigh (gluteus media and minimus)
- lateral rotators of the thigh (gluteus maximus)
what is the function of the tensor fascia latae
tenses the fascia latae and helps tense the iliotibial tract
what nerve innervates the gluteus maximus
inferior gluteal nerve
what nerve innervates the gluteus medius and minimus
superior gluteal nerve
spinal level of inferior gluteal nerve
L5-S2
spinal level of superior gluteal nerve
L4, 5 and S1
what does Trendelenburg’s Test show
pathology of the superior gluteal nerve
how to you perform Trendelenberg’s Test
stand on one leg, the pelvis will tilt down on the unsupported leg as the gluteus medius and minimus are no longer supporting the pelvis
name the muscles of the deep muscle group
- piniformis
- obturator internus
- gemelli
- quadratus femoris
what are the actions of the deep muscle group
- lateral rotators of the thigh
- hip stabilisers
what nerves innervate the muscles of the deep group
- what plexus
- piriformis - anterior ramus of S1 and 2
- superior gemelli - nerve to obturator internus
- inferior gemelli - nerve to quadratus femoris
- obturator internus - nerve to obturator internus
- quadratus femoris - nerve to quadratus femoris
(sacral plexus)
what foramen do most nerves and vessels in the pelvis (a) and perineum (b) pass through
a. greater sciatic foramen
b. lesser sciatic foramen
what forms the sciatic foramen
sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments
what are foramen without ligaments called
knotches
spinal level of the sciatic nerve
L4-S3
where does the sciatic nerve supply and its branches supply
posterior thigh, all leg and foot muscles and most of the skin
name the branches of the sciatic nerve
tibial and common fibular
spinal level of the pudendal nerve
S2-S4
where does the pudendal nerve supply (mnemonic)
perineum
S2, 3, 4 keeps pelvis and penis off the floor
spinal level of the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh
S1-S3
where does the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh supply
skin over posterior thigh, popliteal fossa, lateral perineum and upper medial thigh
where does the sciatic nerve usually exit (a) and where is it in the sciatic foramen compared to other structures (b)
(a) inferior to the piriformis
(b) most lateral
what is the sciatic nerve’s blood supply called
artery to the sciatic nerve
where does the sciatic nerve normally branch
distal 1/3 of the thigh
describe the two branches of the sciatic nerve
tibial - larger and medial
fibular - smaller and lateral
where does the gluteus maximus attach to
iliac crest, sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament and coccyx proximally
iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity of the femur distally
where do the gluteus minimus and medius attach to
gluteal aspect of the ilium and anterolateral aspect of the greater trochanter of the femur
what does the inferior gluteal NVB contain, where is it located and supply
contains the inferior gluteal artery, vein and nerve, located deep to the gluteus maximus and supplies the gluteus maximus
what does the superior gluteal NVB contain, where is it located and supply
contains the superior gluteal artery, vein and nerve, located deep to the gluteus medius and supplies the gluteus medius and minimus
how are the muscles of the deep layer arranged
strips running transversely from (medial to lateral) between the sacrum, ilium and ishial spine and the tiberosity medially to the greater trochanter of the femur laterally
what is the iliotibial tract
thickening of the fascia latae of the thigh
where does the iliotibial tract run
form the ASIS to the lateral aspect of the tibial condyle at Gerdy’s tubercle
what is the tensor fascia latae and where is it
the tensor fascia latae is the muscular part of the fascia lata and it’s enclosed in the proximal part of the tract
