Clinical Anatomy

Question 1

what is the acetabulum labrum

Answer 1

fibrocartilaginous rim along the margin of the acetabulum

Question 2

what shape if the iliofemoral ligament

Answer 2

Y (upside down)

Question 3

name the 3 ligaments of the hip joint

Answer 3

iliofemoral, ischiofemoral (posterior) and pubofemoral

Question 4

what muscles are flexors of the hip

Answer 4

iliopsoas
sartorius
tensor fascia latae
rectus femoris 
pectineus 
adductor longus 
adductor brevis 
anterior adductor magnus 
gracilis

Question 5

what muscles are adductors of the hip

Answer 5

adductor longus 
adductor brevis 
adductor magnus 
gracilis 
pectineus 
obturator externus

Question 6

what muscles are lateral rotators of the hip

Answer 6

obturator externus 
obturator internus 
gemeli 
prirformis 
quadratus femoris 
gluteus maximus

Question 7

what muscles are extensors of the hip

Answer 7

hamstrings (semitendinous, semimembranosus, biceps femoris)
posterior adductor magus
gluteus maximus

Question 8

what muscles are abductors of the hip

Answer 8

gluteus minimus
gluteus medius
tensor fascia latae

Question 9

what muscles are medial rotators of the hip

Answer 9

anterior gluteus medius
anterior gluteus minimus
tensor fascia latae

Question 10

what typically causes a posterior hip dislocation

Answer 10

a traumatic event in which the hip is flexed, adducted and medially rotated

Question 11

at what level does the sciatic nerve run posterior to the acetabulum

Answer 11

ischium

Question 12

what division of the sciatic nerve is most commonly affected in posterior hip dislocation

Answer 12

common fibular nerve

Question 13

what is Trendelenburg’s Sign

Answer 13

inferior ‘dropping’ if the contralateral hip when standing on one leg due to dysfunctional hip abduction

Question 14

what causes Trendelenburg’s Sign

Answer 14

dysfunctional hip abduction due to muscle weakness or paralysis

Question 15

how do femoral shaft fractures become displaced

Answer 15

muscle contraction

Question 16

what does femoral shaft displacement cause

Answer 16

rotation +/or shortening

sharp fragments may injure nearby structures

Question 17

what is a Maisonneuve fracture

Answer 17

separation of the distal tibia and fibula rupture the tibiofibular syndesmosis
proximal fibular fracture

Question 18

name the 5 ligaments of the ankle

Answer 18

anterior tibiotalar ligament 
posterior tibiotalar ligament 
tibilias posterior 
tibionavicular ligament 
tibioclacaneal ligament

Question 19

potential neural complication of the anterior compartment of the leg

Answer 19

deep fibular nerve

loss of dorsiflexion

Question 20

potential neural complication of the lateral compartment of the leg

Answer 20

superficial fibular nerve

loss of eversion

Question 21

potential neural complication of the cutaneous innervation of the foot

Answer 21

loss of dorsal foot and lateral 3.5 digits and medial 0.5 big toe sensation - superficial fibular nerve
loss if lateral 0.5 big toe and medial 0.5 second toe sensation - deep fibular nerve

Question 22

what may cause foot drop

Answer 22

dysfunction of anterior compartment musculature

Question 23

what can be caused by foot drop

Answer 23

changes in gait

foot slap and high stoppage