Clinical Anatomy Flashcards
what is the acetabulum labrum
fibrocartilaginous rim along the margin of the acetabulum
what shape if the iliofemoral ligament
Y (upside down)
name the 3 ligaments of the hip joint
iliofemoral, ischiofemoral (posterior) and pubofemoral
what muscles are flexors of the hip
iliopsoas sartorius tensor fascia latae rectus femoris pectineus adductor longus adductor brevis anterior adductor magnus gracilis
what muscles are adductors of the hip
adductor longus adductor brevis adductor magnus gracilis pectineus obturator externus
what muscles are lateral rotators of the hip
obturator externus obturator internus gemeli prirformis quadratus femoris gluteus maximus
what muscles are extensors of the hip
hamstrings (semitendinous, semimembranosus, biceps femoris)
posterior adductor magus
gluteus maximus
what muscles are abductors of the hip
gluteus minimus
gluteus medius
tensor fascia latae
what muscles are medial rotators of the hip
anterior gluteus medius
anterior gluteus minimus
tensor fascia latae
what typically causes a posterior hip dislocation
a traumatic event in which the hip is flexed, adducted and medially rotated
at what level does the sciatic nerve run posterior to the acetabulum
ischium
what division of the sciatic nerve is most commonly affected in posterior hip dislocation
common fibular nerve
what is Trendelenburg’s Sign
inferior ‘dropping’ if the contralateral hip when standing on one leg due to dysfunctional hip abduction
what causes Trendelenburg’s Sign
dysfunctional hip abduction due to muscle weakness or paralysis
how do femoral shaft fractures become displaced
muscle contraction
what does femoral shaft displacement cause
rotation +/or shortening
sharp fragments may injure nearby structures
what is a Maisonneuve fracture
separation of the distal tibia and fibula rupture the tibiofibular syndesmosis
proximal fibular fracture
name the 5 ligaments of the ankle
anterior tibiotalar ligament posterior tibiotalar ligament tibilias posterior tibionavicular ligament tibioclacaneal ligament
potential neural complication of the anterior compartment of the leg
deep fibular nerve
loss of dorsiflexion
potential neural complication of the lateral compartment of the leg
superficial fibular nerve
loss of eversion
potential neural complication of the cutaneous innervation of the foot
loss of dorsal foot and lateral 3.5 digits and medial 0.5 big toe sensation - superficial fibular nerve
loss if lateral 0.5 big toe and medial 0.5 second toe sensation - deep fibular nerve
what may cause foot drop
dysfunction of anterior compartment musculature
what can be caused by foot drop
changes in gait
foot slap and high stoppage
