Gluteal Region Flashcards

1
Q

Where can the gluteal region be found?

A

Lies between the back and posterior thigh, and is posterior to the pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the boundaries of the gluteal region?

A
Superior = iliac crest
Inferior = gluteal fold/sulcus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where is the intergluteal cleft located?

A

Between the buttocks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What marks the lateral extent of the gluteal region?

A

Greater trochanter of femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What muscles make up the superficial muscle layer of the gluteal region?

A

Gluteus maximus, medius and minimus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where is the superficial muscle layer of the gluteal region located?

A

Deep to the skin, superficial and deep fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the largest and most superficial of the gluteal muscles?

A

The gluteus maximus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the proximal and distal attachments of the gluteus maximus?

A
Proximal = iliac crest, sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament, coccyx
Distal = iliotibial tract (some fibres also attach to the gluteal tuberosity of the femur)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are some functions of the gluteus maximus?

A

Most powerful extensor of the hip, helps to define the gluteal fold along with the overlying superficial fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where do the gluteus medius and minimus attach?

A

Both attach to the external/posterior/gluteal aspect of the ilium and the anterolateral aspect of the greater trochanter of the femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What function do the gluteus medius and minimus have?

A

Act to abduct and medially (internally) rotate the thigh at the hip joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What innervates the gluteus medius and minimus?

A

Superior gluteal nerve (L4,L5,S1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What can damage to the gluteus medius and minimus or their supply cause?

A

Trendelenburg’s gait

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the neurovascular bundles present in the gluteal region?

A

Inferior and Superior gluteal neurovascular bundles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are some features of the inferior gluteal neurovascular bundle?

A

Contains inferior gluteal artery, vein and nerve (L5, Si, S2), supplies gluteus maximus, located deep to gluteus maximus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are some features of the superior gluteal neurovascular bundle?

A

Contains superior gluteal artery, vein and nerve (L4, L5, S1), supplies gluteus medius and minimus, located deep to gluteus medius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where is the deep muscle layer of the gluteal region located?

A

Deep to the gluteal muscles

18
Q

What muscles make up the deep muscle layer of the gluteal region?

A

The lateral rotators of the hip (including piriformis)

19
Q

How are the lateral rotators of the hips organised?

A

Arranged in strips running transversely from medial to lateral between the sacrum, ilium and ischial spine and tuberosity, and mainly the greater trochanter of the femur laterally

20
Q

What action do the deep muscles of the gluteal region perform?

A

External (lateral) rotation of the lower limb at the hip joint (also stabilise head of femur in the acetabulum)

21
Q

What is the iliotibial tract?

A

Thickening of the fascia lata that runs from the ASIS to the lateral aspect of the lateral tibial condyle at the Gerdy’s tubercle

22
Q

What does the iliotibial tract do?

A

Supports the knee joint

23
Q

What is the tensor fasciae latae?

A

Muscular part of the fascia lata and is enclosed within the proximal portion of the iliotibial tract

24
Q

What nerves are present in the gluteal region?

A

Sciatic nerve (spinal nerve roots L4-S3), pudendal nerve (spinal nerve roots S2-4), posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh (S1-3)

25
Q

Where does the sciatic nerve form?

A

In the (lumbo-) sacral plexus of the pelvis and emerges into the middle of the gluteal region

26
Q

Where does the sciatic nerve flow to?

A

Descends and leaves gluteal region to enter the posterior compartment of the thigh, branches to descend into the popliteal fossa and posterior and lateral compartments of the leg into the foot

27
Q

What are some features of the sciatic nerve?

A

Largest nerve in body, nerve roots are commonly affected by lumbar slipped discs giving symptoms in the foot (sciatica)

28
Q

Where does the pudendal nerve form?

A

In sacral plexus within the pelvis and emerges into middle of gluteal region

29
Q

What does the pudendal nerve supply?

A

Muscles, skin and fascia of much of the perineum

30
Q

What kind of procedure is a pudendal nerve block?

A

Obstetric procedure

31
Q

What is the other name for the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh?

A

Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

32
Q

Where does the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh form?

A

In the sacral plexus and emerges in middle of gluteal region

33
Q

What does the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh supply, and what kind of nerve is it?

A

Supplies skin over posterior aspect of thigh; somatic nerve that contains sensory and sympathetic fibres

34
Q

Why may a lumbar puncture be performed?

A

To look for evidence of conditions that affect the brain, spinal cord or other parts of the nervous system

35
Q

What must be taken during a lumbar puncture?

A

Pressure measurements must be recorded and samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are taken form the subarachnoid space surrounding the spinal cord

36
Q

What position should a patient be in when getting a lumbar puncture?

A

On their left side and fully flexed (i.e knees to chin)

37
Q

What anatomical landmark is used in a lumbar puncture?

A

The iliac crests = plane between them visualised (plane is at level of L3/4)

38
Q

What is used to withdraw cerebrospinal fluid form the level of L3/4 in a lumbar puncture?

A

A spinal pack

39
Q

Where does the spinal cord end in adults?

A

Around the L1/2 intervertebral disc

40
Q

Why is a lumbar puncture taken from the level of L3/4?

A

It avoids injury to the terminal end of the spinal cord (conus medullaris)