Foot Flashcards
What are the joints of the foot?
Subtalar, midtarsal, tarsometatarsal, metatarsalphalangeal (MTP), interphalangeal
Where is the subtalar joint?
Between talus and calcaneus
What are some features of the midtarsal joints?
2 joints, between calcaneocuboid and talocalcaneonavicular. synovial joints
What produces inversion at the midtarsal joints?
Tibialis anterior and tibialis posterior, tibial and deep fibular nerves
What produces eversion at the midtarsal joints?
Fibularis muscles and both fibular nerves
Where are the tarsometatarsal joints?
Between cuneiforms/cuboid proximally and metatarsals
What movements do the MTP joints allow?
Synovial joints allowing flexion, extension, adduction, abduction and circumflexion of the toes
What kind of joint are the interphalangeal joints?
Synovial hinge joints = allow flexion and extension of toes
What are the functions of the arches of the foot?
Shock absorption, push off spring in function, increased weight bearing capacity by weight redistribution across the whole foot
What structures support the arches of the foot?
Plantar aponeurosis and plantar ligaments
What is the plantar aponeurosis?
Thickened central area of plantar fascia (deep fascia of sole of foot)
What bones make up the medial longitudinal arch?
Bones of medial aspect of foot = calcaneus, talus, navicular, 3 cuneiforms and metatarsals 1-3
What structures support the medial longitudinal arch?
Flexor hallucis longus and attachments of tibialis anterior (to junction between medial cuneiforms and base of first metatarsal) and attachment of fibularis longus
Where does the tendon of fibularis longus pass?
Across plantar surface of foot from lateral to medial to also attach to medial cuneiform and base of first metatarsal
What are some features of the lateral longitudinal arch?
Lower arch than medial longitudinal arch, formed by calcaneus, cuboid and metatarsals 4 and 5, usually weight bearing on standing
What bones make up the transverse arch and what structures supports it?
Formed by cuboid, cuneiforms and base of all 5 metatarsals
Supported by fibularis longus and tibialis posterior
What are the arches of the foot?
Medial and lateral longitudinal arches, transverse attach
Where do the intrinsic muscles of the foot attach?
Attach proximally and distally within the foot
Where are the intrinsic muscles of the foot located?
Mainly located in compartments within the sole, where they are arranged in three layers, or between the metatarsals (the 7 interossei, forming 4th sole)
What are the main movements of the toes performed by the intrinsic muscles of the foot?
Flexion = sole muscles
Abduction and adduction = interossei
Short extension = 2 dorsal muscles
What arteries supply blood to the foot?
Dorsalis pedis and medial and lateral plantar arteries
What is the dorsalis pedis artery a branch of, and what does it form?
Branch of anterior tibial artery
Branches give arcuate artery of foot dorsum
Where can the pulse of the dorsalis pedis artery be palpated?
Lateral to extensor hallucis longus tendon
What are the medial and lateral plantar arteries formed from, and what do they give rise to?
Branches of posterior tibial artery
Contribute to deep plantar arch
