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MSK Dissections > Anterior Arm, Forearm and Cubital Fossa > Flashcards

Anterior Arm, Forearm and Cubital Fossa Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three muscles of the anterior arm?

A

Biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, brachialis

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2
Q

What makes up the biceps brachii?

A

Comprises a long and short head and two distal tendons (biceps tendon and bicipital aponeurosis)

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3
Q

What is the most anteriorly positioned muscle of the anterior arm?

A

The biceps brachii

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4
Q

What are the proximal attachments of the biceps brachii?

A

Via long head = supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Via short head = coracoid process of the scapula

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5
Q

What muscles attach to the coracoid process?

A

Pectoralis minor, coracobrachialis, short head of biceps brachii

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6
Q

Where does the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii pass?

A

Passes superiorly in the intertubercular groove/sulcus of the humerus, then becomes enclosed within fibrous layer of the shoulder joint capsule to reach supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula

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7
Q

What causes biceps tendinitis?

A

Movement of the tendon of the long arm of the biceps brachii within the intertubercular groove of the humerus

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8
Q

What are the distal attachments of the biceps brachii?

A

Biceps tendon = attaches to radial tuberosity

Biceps aponeurosis = blends distally with deep (antebrachial) fascia on medial side of proximal forearm

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9
Q

What is the biceps deep tendon (myotactic) reflex?

A

Deep tendon reflex performed in neurological examinations

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10
Q

How is the biceps deep tendon reflex elicited?

A

By placing examiners thumb on biceps tendon (within the cubital fossa) and then striking briskly on the thumb with a tendon hammer

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11
Q

What should be the result of the biceps deep tendon reflex?

A

Conveys sudden stretch to biceps tendon and should cause involuntary contraction of muscle = patient will flex forearm at the elbow

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12
Q

Where is the coracobrachialis located?

A

Attaches from coracoid process of scapula to humerus, deep to biceps brachii and medial to brachialis

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13
Q

What separates coracobrachialis from the triceps?

A

Medial intermuscular septae

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14
Q

Where is brachialis located?

A

Attaches from humerus to coronoid process of ulna, deep to biceps brachii and lateral to coracobrachialis

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15
Q

What separates brachialis from the triceps?

A

Lateral intermuscular septae

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16
Q

Where do the muscles of the anterior arm span?

A

The shoulder joint and elbow joint, biceps brachii also spans the proximal radioulnar joint

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17
Q

What is the most powerful supinator of the forearm?

A

Biceps brachii

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18
Q

What innervates the anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

All supplied by median nerve except for flexor carpi ulnaris and medial part (to digits 4 and 5) of flexor digitorum profundus

19
Q

What nerves supply the flexor carpi ulnaris and medial part of flexor digitorum profundus of the anterior forearm?

A

Ulnar nerve

20
Q

What are the actions of the muscles of the anterior forearm?

A

Flexion, abduction and adduction of wrist (carpus)
Flexion of fingers (digits 2-5)
Flexion of thumb (digit 1)
Pronation of forearm at proximal and distal radioulnar joints

21
Q

What are the three layers of muscle in the anterior forearm?

A

Layer 1 = superficial muscles
Layer 2 = intermediate muscles
Layer 3 = deep muscles

22
Q

Where do the superficial muscles of the anterior forearm attach proximally?

A

To medial epicondyle of humerus by common flexor tendon

23
Q

What muscles make up the superficial layer of the anterior forearm?

A

Pronator teres
Palmaris longus = attaches distally to palmar aponeurosis
Flexor carpi radialis = attaches distally to metacarpals on radial side
Flexor carpi ulnaris - attaches distally to metacarpals on ulnar side

24
Q

Where do the intermediate muscles of the anterior forearm attach proximally?

A

Medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna and radial head

25
Q

What muscle makes up the intermediate layer of the anterior forearm?

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis = four muscle bellies/tendons for the medial four digits

26
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the deep muscles of the anterior forearm?

A

Anterior surfaces of radius or ulna

27
Q

What muscles make up the deep layer of the anterior forearm?

A

Flexor digitorum profundus = attaches distally to digits 2-5
Flexor pollicis longus = attaches distally to thumb
Pronator quadratus = attaches between distal anterior surfaces of radius and ulna

28
Q

Where are the muscle bellies of the anterior forearm muscles found?

A

Exclusively in the anterior compartment of the forearm

29
Q

Where do the long tendons of the anterior forearm muscles pass to?

A

The wrist and hand

30
Q

What holds the long tendons of the anterior forearm muscles in place at the wrist joint or carpus?

A

Wrist joint = palmar carpal ligament

Carpus = flexor retinaculum

31
Q

Where does the common flexor origin attach proximally?

A

To the medial epicondyle of the humerus

32
Q

What causes Golfers elbow?

A

Tendonitis of the common flexor tendon causing pain felt in the area of the medial epicondyle

33
Q

What are the boundaries of the cubital fossa?

A 
Superior = transvers line between epicondyles of humerus
Medial = pronator teres
Lateral = brachioradialis
34
Q

What are the superficial contents of the cubital fossa?

A

Median cubital vein, cephalic vein, basilic vein

35
Q

What structures are palpable in the cubital fossa?

A

Distal tendon (deep and lateral) and aponeurosis (medial) of biceps brachii

36
Q

What are the deep contents of the cubital fossa?

A 
Median nerve (medially) = continues into anterior forearm
Brachial artery 
Radial nerve (laterally)
37
Q

Where does the brachial artery bifurcate into the radial and ulnar arteries?

A

At apex of cubital fossa

38
Q

Where does the radial nerve divide?

A

Divides into superficial and deep branches deep to brachialis, deep branch pierces supinator to enter posterior forearm

39
Q

What is the cubital fossa?

A

Triangular space between skin and anterior aspect of elbow capsule

40
Q

What supplies the skin and fascia of the cubital fascia?

A

Cutaneous nerves of arm and forearm

41
Q

What can the superficial veins of the cubital fossa be used for?

A

Venapuncture and siting of peripheral venous cannulas (deep contents may be damaged)

42
Q

Where can the ulnar nerve be palpated?

A

Where it crosses the posterior surface of the medial epicondyle of the humerus (readily injured at this site)

43
Q

What does the ulnar nerve pass through to reach the anterior forearm?

A

Passes through flexor carpi ulnaris (in cubital tunnel)

MSK Dissections (11 decks)

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