Gluteal Region

Question 1

What ligament creates the greater sciatic foramen?

Answer 1

sacrospinous

Question 2

What ligament creates the lesser sciatic foramen?

Answer 2

sacrotuberous

Question 3

What structures (exit or enter?) the greater sciatic foramen

Answer 3

Gluteal neurovascular bundles
Piriformis m
Sciatic n
Pudendal n and internal pudendal a
Obturator internus and superior gemellus n
Posterior femoral cutaneous n

all exit

Question 4

What structures are in the lesser sciatic foramen and do they exit or enter

Answer 4

Pudendal n/internal pudendal a enter
Obturator internus/superior gemellus n enter
Obturator internus muscle exits

Question 5

What are the spinal levels of the:

1) superior cluneal nerves
2) medial cluneal nerves
3) inferior cluneal nerves

Answer 5

1) superior: L1-L3 dorsal rami
2) medial: S1-S3 dorsal rami
3) inferior: S1-S3 ventral rami (off posterior femoral cutaneous)

Question 6

Superior gluteal nerve supplies?

Answer 6

gluteus minimus, gluteus minimus, tensor fasiae latae

Question 7

Inferior gluteal nerve supplies?

Answer 7

gluteus maximus

Question 8

What are the spinal levels of Femoral nerve, Obturator nerve, Sciatic nerve (tibial portion, common fibular portion)

Answer 8

F L2-L4
O L2-L4
S L4-S3
T L4-S3
C L4-S2

Question 9

If you are in a car crash and have a posterior hip dislocation, what nerve will be damaged and what will the result be?

Answer 9

Sciatic nerve will be damaged and can result in paralysis of hamstring muscles and muscles distal to the knee.
-Sensroy change in skin over posterolateral aspects of leg and most of the foot

Question 10

Fracturing the femoral neck causes what rotation of the leg/foot?

Answer 10

Lateral rotation

Question 11

dislocation of the hip causes what rotation of the leg?

Answer 11

medial

Question 12

what are the small lateral rotator muscles?

Answer 12

piriformis, superior gemellus, obturator internus, inferior gamellus, quadratus femoris

Question 13

Pudendal Nerve levels? ventral or dorsal?

Answer 13

S2-S4 ventral rami of sacral plexus

-pudendal nerve is most medial structure exiting greater sciatic foramen

Question 14

Arteries of the gluteal region arising off the internal iliac artery? (3)

Answer 14

Superior gluteal, inferior gluteal, internal pudendal

Question 15

superior gluteal artery superficial branch supplies?

Answer 15

gluteus maximus

Question 16

superior gluteal artery deep branch supplies?

Answer 16

glutesus minimus, TFL, and gluteus medius

Question 17

Inferior gluteal artery supplies?

Answer 17

small lateral rotators, superior hamstrings, gluteus maximus

Question 18

Cruciate anastomosis of thigh

Answer 18

First perforating artery, Inferior gluteal artery, transverse branch medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries (FIT my leg)

Question 19

The cruciate anastomosis of thigh can be important to supply blood to the leg when they ___ artery is occuluded

Answer 19

femoral

Question 20

internal pudenedal artery supplies?

Answer 20

perineal muscles and ext genitalia

Question 21

Gluteus maximus fncts: (3)

Answer 21

1) chief extensory of the thigh
2) lateral rotation
3) slight extension of leg when working with TFL

Question 22

Gluteus minumus and medius fnct

Answer 22

1) medial rotate and abduction of the thigh

Question 23

TFL fnct

Answer 23

1) abduction and medial rotation of the thigh

2) slight extension of the knee along with the gluteus maximus

Question 24

IT band
origin
insertion

Answer 24

iliac tubercle to gerdy’s tubercle

Question 25

IT band function

Answer 25

1) decelerating adduction of the thigh
2) assists with abduction
3) extends leg, compensates for quadriceps paralysis via gluteus maximus flexion
4) pulls patella laterally, antagonist of vastus medialis, synergist with flexing vastus lateralis

Question 26

Piriformis location and innervation

Answer 26

• deep to gluteus maximus, medial to gluteus medius
• nerve to piriformis off sacral plexus
• sciatic nerve can run through (rare)

Question 27

obturator externus attachments and innervation

Answer 27

deep to pectinues and attaches in trochanteric fossa and obturator nerve

Question 28

obturator externus function

Answer 28

lateral rotation of hip

Question 29

the swing leg laterally/medially rotates?

the stance leg latteraly/medially rotates?

Answer 29

Swing: lateral
Stance: medial

Question 30

3 bursa of the gluteal region

Answer 30

Gluteofemoral bursa, Ischial bursa, Trochanteric bursa