GLUTEAL MUSCLES

Question 1

how are the gluteal muscles broken down?

Answer 1

deep, intermediate and superficial layers

Question 2

what are the muscles found in the superficial layer?

Answer 2

gluteus maximus m

Question 3

what are the muscles found in the intermediate layer?

Answer 3

gluteus medius m

Question 4

what are the muscles found in the deep layer?

Answer 4

gluteus minimus m
piriformis m
superior gemellus m
inferior gemellus m
obturator internus m
quadratus femorus m
obturator externus m,

Question 5

GLUTEUS MAXIMUS M. ORIGIN

Answer 5

external iliac ala posterior to posterior gluteal line, the posterior iliac crest, the external surfaces of the sacrum and coccyx, and the sacrotuberous ligament (also gluteal fascia)

Question 6

GLUTEUS MAXIMUS M. INSERTION

Answer 6

gluteal tuberosity of the
femur and the
posterosuperior iliotibial
tract - passes obliquely
from superomedial to
inferolateral

Question 7

GLUTEUS MAXIMUS M. ACTION

Answer 7

extends and laterally

rotates the thigh

Question 8

GLUTEUS MAXIMUS M. ARTERIAL SUPPLY

Answer 8

superior gluteal artery,
inferior gluteal artery and the perforating branches of the
profunda femoris artery

Question 9

GLUTEUS MAXIMUS M. INNERVATION

Answer 9

inferior gluteal nerve; dorsal divisions of ventral rami L-5,
S-1 & S-2

Question 10

GLUTEUS MEDIUS M. ORIGIN

Answer 10

external iliac ala intermediate to the anterior and

posterior gluteal lines

Question 11

GLUTEUS MEDIUS M. INSERTION

Answer 11

lateral aspect of the
greater trochanter - passes
inferolaterally

Question 12

GLUTEUS MEDIUS M. ACTION

Answer 12

abducts the thigh; aids
with both medial and
lateral rotation of the
thigh

Question 13

GLUTEUS MEDIUS M. ARTERIAL SUPPLY

Answer 13

superior gluteal artery

Question 14

GLUTEUS MEDIUS M. INNERVATION

Answer 14

superior gluteal nerve; dorsal divisions of ventral rami L-4,
L-5 & S-1

Question 15

GLUTEUS MINIMUS M. ORIGIN

Answer 15

iliac ala intermediate to the anterior and inferior
gluteal lines, and the superior edge of the greater
sciatic notch

Question 16

GLUTEUS MINIMUS M. INSERTION

Answer 16

anterior aspects of the
greater trochanter and the
hip joint capsule - passes
inferiorly

Question 17

GLUTEUS MINIMUS M. ACTION

Answer 17

abduction and medial
rotation of the thigh
(medial rotation because
the insertion of the
muscle is anterior to the
hip joint axis)

Question 18

GLUTEUS MINIMUS M.ARTERIAL SUPPLY

Answer 18

superior gluteal artery

Question 19

GLUTEUS MINIMUS M. INNERVATION

Answer 19

superior gluteal nerve; dorsal
divisions of ventral rami L-4,
L-5 & S-1

Question 20

PIRIFORMIS M ORIGIN

Answer 20

pelvic surface of the sacrum (S-

2, S-3, S-4)

Question 21

PIRIFORMIS M INSERTION

Answer 21

superior aspect of the greater
trochanter - passes laterally, exiting
the pelvis via the greater sciatic
foramen

Question 22

PIRIFORMIS M ACTION

Answer 22

lateral rotation of the thigh; assists
in abduction and extension of the
thigh

Question 23

PIRIFORMIS MARTERIAL SUPPLY

Answer 23

superior and inferior gluteal

arteries, internal pudendal artery

Question 24

PIRIFORMIS M INNERVATION

Answer 24

dorsal division of S-2 ventral ramus,

nerve to piriformis muscle

Question 25

INFERIOR GEMELLUS M. ORIGIN

Answer 25

inferior margin of lesser sciatic notch and superior border of ischial tuberosity

Question 26

INFERIOR GEMELLUS M. INSERTION

Answer 26

``` anterior fossa (unnamed) at the medial edge of the greater trochanter, with the tendons of superior gemellus and obturator internus muscles - passes laterally ```

Question 27

INFERIOR GEMELLUS M. ACTION

Answer 27

lateral rotation of the thigh

Question 28

INFERIOR GEMELLUS M. ARTERIAL SUPPLY

Answer 28

medial femoral circumflex artery

Question 29

INFERIOR GEMELLUS M. INNERVATION

Answer 29

nerve to inferior gemellus muscle and quadratus femoris muscle, from the from the sacral plexus; ventral divisions of ventral rami L-4, L-5 & S-1

Question 30

OBTURATOR INTERNUS M. ORIGIN

Answer 30

pelvic surfaces of the obturator foramen and obturator membrane

Question 31

OBTURATOR INTERNUS M. INSERTION

Answer 31

``` anterior fossa (unnamed) on the medial edge of the greater trochanter, with the gemelli muscles - passes posterolaterally to exit the pelvis via the lesser sciatic foramen, then angles anteriorly around the lesser sciatic notch ```

Question 32

OBTURATOR INTERNUS M. ACTION

Answer 32

external rotation of the thigh; extension and abduction of the thigh when the hip is flexed

Question 33

OBTURATOR INTERNUS M. ARTERIAL SUPPLY

Answer 33

superior gluteal and internal pudendal arteries

Question 34

OBTURATOR INTERNUS M. INNERVATION

Answer 34

nerve to obturator internus and superior gemellus muscles, from the sacral plexus; ventral divisions of ventral rami L-5, S-1 and S-2

Question 35

QUADRATUS FEMORIS M. ORIGIN

Answer 35

``` external border (of the posterior squared part) of the ischial tuberosity ```

Question 36

QUADRATUS FEMORIS M. INSERTION

Answer 36

quadrate tubercle of the femur -passes directly lateral

Question 37

QUADRATUS FEMORIS M. ACTION

Answer 37

lateral rotation of the thigh

Question 38

QUADRATUS FEMORIS M. ARTERIAL SUPPLY

Answer 38

medial femoral circumflex artery

Question 39

QUADRATUS FEMORIS M. INNERVATION

Answer 39

nerve to inferior gemellus muscle and | quadratus femoris muscle, from the sacral plexus; ventral divisions of ventral rami L-4, L-5 and S-1

Question 40

OBTURATOR EXTERNUS M ORIGIN

Answer 40

external surfaces of the obturator foramen and the obturator membrane

Question 41

OBTURATOR EXTERNUS M INSERTION

Answer 41

trochanteric fossa of the femur - passes posterolaterally around the inferior surface of the femoral neck (a spiral course)

Question 42

OBTURATOR EXTERNUS M ACTION

Answer 42

lateral rotation of the thigh (due to insertion posterior to the hip joint axis); aids in flexion and adduction of the thigh (due to its course around the femoral neck)

Question 43

OBTURATOR EXTERNUS M ARTERIAL SUPPLY

Answer 43

obturator artery

Question 44

OBTURATOR EXTERNUS M INNERVATION

Answer 44

obturator nerve; ventral divisions of ventral rami L-2, L-3 and L-4 - the only gluteal region muscle to receive innervation from the lumbar plexus

Question 45

SUPERIOR GEMELLUS M. ORIGIN

Answer 45

ischial spine and superior edge | of lesser sciatic notch

Question 46

SUPERIOR GEMELLUS M. INSERTION

Answer 46

``` anterior fossa (unnamed) at the medial aspect of the greater trochanter, with the tendons of obturator internus and inferior gemellus muscles - passes laterally ```

Question 47

SUPERIOR GEMELLUS M. ACTION

Answer 47

lateral rotation of the thigh

Question 48

SUPERIOR GEMELLUS M. ARTERIAL SUPPLY

Answer 48

inferior gluteal artery

Question 49

SUPERIOR GEMELLUS M. INNERVATION

Answer 49

nerve to obturator internus and superior gemellus muscles, from the sacral plexus; ventral divisions of ventral rami L-5, S-1 and S-2