Glutamatergic neuron

Question 1

EAAT (excitatory amino acid transporter)

Answer 1

EAAT1 : astrocyte
EAAT2: astrocyte and nerve terminal in forebrain
EAAT3: presynaptic, whole brain, on GABA ergic terminal, neuronal
EAAT4: on dendrites of prukinje cells
EAAT5: retina

Question 2

VGLUT

Answer 2

VGLUT3: in GABAergic, cholinergic, monoaminergic neurons

VGLUT2and 1: glutamatergic Na and K dependent activated by Cl- in neuron rich area

Question 3

inhibitors of NMDA

Answer 3

Zn++ -> reactive oxygen species
Mg++-> at membrane voltage lower than -50mV, voltage dépendent inhibitor
H+-> at recpetors having NR2, at ph 6 complete inhibition

Question 4

Glutamate dehydrogenase

Answer 4

mitochondrial
Glutamate -> alpha-ketoglutarate and Nh4+ with NAD+ as cofactor
acivator: ADP and GDP
allosteric inhibotor :ATP and GTP

Question 5

ALAT

Answer 5

reversible
PLP
alpha-keto+alanine -> glutamate and pyruvate

Question 6

ASAT

Answer 6

alpha-keto+aspartate-> glutamate and oxaloactetate

Question 7

Glutaminase

Answer 7

mitochondiral

phosphate activated

Question 8

Glutamate

Answer 8

is then released in the synapse where it’s taken up by astrocytes and converted back to glutaminase by glutamine synthetase

glutamine synthetase: ony in astrocytes and oligodendrocytes
glutamate + ATP + NH3+ -> glutamine + ATD + P

transport of glutamine back to pre-synaptic membrane by SA
astrocyte is left by SN1 and SN2

Question 9

astrocytes

Answer 9

taken any excess in glutamate or ammonia because if there is excess it’s toxic and cause ASTROGLIAL SWELLING