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CNS Pharmacology > Glutamate > Flashcards

Glutamate Flashcards

1
Q

What type of neurotransmitter is glutamate?

A

Main excitatory CNS neurotransmitter

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2
Q

How is glutamate produced?

A

TCA cycle from alpha-ketoglutarate

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3
Q

Where do we obtain our dietary supply of glutamate?

A 
Proteins 
Monosodium glutamate (MSG)
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4
Q

What type of receptors are activated by glutamate?

A

Ionotropic

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5
Q

What are the 3 ionotropic receptors activated by glutamate?

A

1) AMPA
2) Kainate
3) NMDA

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6
Q

What are the channel properties of the AMPA receptors?

A

Permeable mainly to Na+ and K+

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7
Q

Apart from glutamate, name 2 other agonists for the AMPA receptors

A

Kainate and domoate

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8
Q

What is the action of 2,3-benzodiazepines on AMPA receptors?

A

Competitive antagonists

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9
Q

Difference between inhibition of AMPA and Kainate receptors?

A

Kainate receptors not inhibited by 2,3-benzodiazepines

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10
Q

Do AMPA or Kainate receptors have higher Ca2+ permeability?

A

Kainate

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11
Q

What can be said about the location of Kainate receptors in the brain?

A

Located in few brain areas only

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12
Q

What does NMDA stand for?

A

N-Methyl-D-Aspartate

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13
Q

How are NMDA receptors different to AMPA and Kainate receptors?

A

More permeable to Ca2+ ions

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14
Q

What are the subunits NMDA receptors?

A

GluN1 or GluN2

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15
Q

Which subunits does glutamate bind on NMDA receptors?

A

GluN2 subunits

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16
Q

For glutamate binding NMDA receptors, what binds to the GluN1 subunit for receptor activation?

A

Co-agonist

  • > glycine
  • > D-serine
17
Q

What is attracted into the pore of the NMDA receptor at -ve membrane potentials?

A

Magnesium

18
Q

What is the action of Mg when attracted into the pore of the receptor?

A

Blocks receptor

19
Q

How is Mg expelled from NMDA receptors to relieve block?

A

Membrane depolarisation

20
Q

What is the result of substantial glutamate release on NMDA receptors?

A

Sustains postsynaptic depolarisation, relieves Mg block, activating receptor and allowing Ca influx

CNS Pharmacology (10 decks)

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