Glucose metabolism Flashcards
What is glycolysis
Is the metabolism of one glucose molecule to two pyruvate molecules for production of energy
What is glycogenesis
The formation of glycogen from excess glucose for storage energy
What is gluconeogenesis
The formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources
What is glycogenolysis
The breakdown of glycogen back to glucose to be utilized be the body when glucose energy is needed
Where is glucose stored in the body
Liver and muscle as glycogen
What is anaerobic metabolism and an example
Break down of glucose without oxygen to produce 2 pyruvate molecules and 2ATP. Example: Embden-Meyerhof Pathway
What is aerobic metabolism and an example
Break down of glucose with the use of oxygen. Glucose is broken down into 2 pyruvate molecules then ran through the Krebs cycle to produce NADH and FADH2 for the electron transport chain
What is Von Gierke’s Disease
Type 1 storage disease - deficiency in G6P
What is Pompe’s Disease
Type 2 storage disease - accumulation of glycogen in all tissues due to inability to degrade glycogen
What is the normal fasting range of glucose
70-100 mg/dL
What is glucose oxidase used for
AKA trinders reaction - method used to quantify glucose - less sensitive then Hexokinase due to many interferences
What is Hexokinase used for
Reference method used to quantify glucose - has minimal interferences
What is the normal non-fasting glucose range
<200 mg/dL
What is the normal range for 2hr OGTT
<140 mg/dL
What is a normal range for HA1C
4-6%
What is type 1 DM and some symptoms
The body’s failure to produce insulin do to an autoimmune destruction of the insulin secreting pancreatic cell, as a result cells are unable to use glucose for energy.
Symptoms: ketoacidosis, thirst, increased hunger and urination
What is type 2 DM and some symptoms
The body’s failure to properly use insulin, leading to a insulin deficiency.
Symptoms: Hyperglycemia, hypertension, and heart disease
What is gestational DM
An onset of DM during pregnancy, result in larger babies due to the increased glucose circulating.
What is the diagnosis for DM
Fasting glucose >126 mg/dL
HA1C >6.5%
2hr OGTT >200 mg/dL
