Glucose metabolism

Question 1

What is glycolysis

Answer 1

Is the metabolism of one glucose molecule to two pyruvate molecules for production of energy

Question 2

What is glycogenesis

Answer 2

The formation of glycogen from excess glucose for storage energy

Question 3

What is gluconeogenesis

Answer 3

The formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources

Question 4

What is glycogenolysis

Answer 4

The breakdown of glycogen back to glucose to be utilized be the body when glucose energy is needed

Question 5

Where is glucose stored in the body

Answer 5

Liver and muscle as glycogen

Question 6

What is anaerobic metabolism and an example

Answer 6

Break down of glucose without oxygen to produce 2 pyruvate molecules and 2ATP. Example: Embden-Meyerhof Pathway

Question 7

What is aerobic metabolism and an example

Answer 7

Break down of glucose with the use of oxygen. Glucose is broken down into 2 pyruvate molecules then ran through the Krebs cycle to produce NADH and FADH2 for the electron transport chain

Question 8

What is Von Gierke’s Disease

Answer 8

Type 1 storage disease - deficiency in G6P

Question 9

What is Pompe’s Disease

Answer 9

Type 2 storage disease - accumulation of glycogen in all tissues due to inability to degrade glycogen

Question 10

What is the normal fasting range of glucose

Answer 10

70-100 mg/dL

Question 11

What is glucose oxidase used for

Answer 11

AKA trinders reaction - method used to quantify glucose - less sensitive then Hexokinase due to many interferences

Question 12

What is Hexokinase used for

Answer 12

Reference method used to quantify glucose - has minimal interferences

Question 13

What is the normal non-fasting glucose range

Answer 13

<200 mg/dL

Question 14

What is the normal range for 2hr OGTT

Answer 14

<140 mg/dL

Question 15

What is a normal range for HA1C

Answer 15

4-6%

Question 16

What is type 1 DM and some symptoms

Answer 16

The body’s failure to produce insulin do to an autoimmune destruction of the insulin secreting pancreatic cell, as a result cells are unable to use glucose for energy.
Symptoms: ketoacidosis, thirst, increased hunger and urination

Question 17

What is type 2 DM and some symptoms

Answer 17

The body’s failure to properly use insulin, leading to a insulin deficiency.
Symptoms: Hyperglycemia, hypertension, and heart disease

Question 18

What is gestational DM

Answer 18

An onset of DM during pregnancy, result in larger babies due to the increased glucose circulating.

Question 19

What is the diagnosis for DM

Answer 19

Fasting glucose >126 mg/dL
HA1C >6.5%
2hr OGTT >200 mg/dL