gluconeogenesis Flashcards
what is the name of the special enzyme in the ER of muscle cells that is important for gluconeogenesis. It is only found in the liver
G6Phosphatase which allows glucose to be made and for it to move out of the cell (ER)
how does alanine enter gluconeogenesis?
It enters gluconeogenesis by being converted to pyruvate by alpha KG which turns into Glutamate.
What is the cofactor of the conversion of alanine to pyrvate
PLP
how does Glycerol enter gluconeogenesis
Glycerol becomes DHAP, which can be interconverted to G3P
substrates od gluconeogenesis
lactate, alanine and glycerol
in gluconeogenesis what concerts pyruvate to OAA
pyruvate carboxylase
what are the three major enzymes of gluconeogenesis
pyruvate Carboxylase, PEPCK and F16BPase
does pyrivate transport require energy?
yes, making the H+ gradient is important
what is the cofactor of pyruvate carboxylase
Biotin
what activates pyruvate carboxylase
Acetyl coA
what inihibits pyruate carboxylae
AMP and F26BP
what is OAA converted to to allow it to leave the mitochondria
Aspartate and Malatate
what does PEPCK do?
malate back to oxaloaceteate
What activates PEPCK
glucagon, steroids and glucocorticcoids, cortisol
what inhibits PEPcK
insulin
what does F16BPase do
F16BP –> F6P
what activates F16BPase, what inhibits it?
activates: glucagon and citrate
inhibits: F26BP, AMP
to bypass the hexokinase and glucokinase step you use
G6P phosphatase (in the mitochondria of the liver
Von gierkes disease
cant transport the G6P into the ER or do not have G6P phosphatase
if prruvate kinase is not owrking, then what hapens?
hemolytic anemia
