Glossary Terms 3: Definitions and Spelling

Question 1

Menorrhagia:

Answer 1

Excessive or prolonged uterine bleeding AT REGULAR INTERVALS

Question 2

Metaplasia:

Answer 2

REVERSIBLE change in which one adult cell type is replaced by another

Question 3

Metrorrhagia:

Answer 3

Uterine bleeding occurring at times other than the expected menses; for example intermenstrual bleeding

Question 4

Midpelvis:

Answer 4

Imaginary plane that passes through the pelvis and is defined by three points:

1) inferior margin of pubic symphysis
2) tips of ischial spines on either side

Plane usually includes the smallest dimensions of the pelvis

Question 5

Mortality:

Fetal, stillbirth, maternal, neonatal, perinatal…

Answer 5

Fatal outcome:

Fetal- Death of conceptus between 500g and birth

Stillbirth- Death of fetus before birth; must be over 500g and greater than 20 weeks along

Maternal: Death of mother

Neonatal: Death of infant in first 28 days of life

Perinatal: Death of fetus or neonate between 20 wks and 28 days after birth (stillbirths + neonatal deaths)

Question 6

Mosaicism:

Answer 6

Presence in an individual of cells of different chromosomal constitutions

Question 7

Cervical Mucus:

Answer 7

Secretion of cervical mucous glands; quality and quantity are influenced by estrogen and progesterone

E: abundant, clear (Spinnbarkeit) w/ fern pattern on dying
P: scant, opaque, cellular, no fern pattern on microscope

Question 8

Neonatal:

Answer 8

Referring to first 28 days of life

Question 9

Nonstress Test (NST)

Answer 9

Evaluation of fetus by electronic fetal heart monitoring, not in labor

Question 10

Oligomenorrhea:

Answer 10

Infrequent menstruation

Question 11

Orgasm:

Answer 11

Climax of sexual excitement

Question 12

Osteoporosis:

Answer 12

Demineralization leads to bone atrophy

Question 13

Oxytocin:

Answer 13

Octapeptide formed in hypothalamus and stored in posterior pituitary lobe; stimulant effects on smooth mm of uterus and mammary glands

Question 14

Papanicolaou smear (Pap smear)

Answer 14

Cytologic smear of exfoliated cells–used in early detection of cancer or for evaluation of patient’s hormonal status

Question 15

Parity:

Answer 15

Number of pregnancies od a particular woman in which the fetus is over 20 weeks gestation prior to delivery

Question 16

Pelvic Floor:

Answer 16

Floor or sling for the pelvic structures, located at the level of the pelvic outlet. Most important structures are the elevator and muscle and fascial sheaths

Question 17

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID):

Answer 17

An infection of the pelvic viscera usually be ascending route. Likely etiologic pathogens include n. gonorrhoeae, chlamydia trachomatis, other anaerobes/aerobes

Question 18

Pelvic inlet:

Answer 18

Imaginary plane passing through the pelvis that represents the upper boundary of the true pelvis

Bounded posteriorly by promontory and alae of the sacrum, laterally by linea terminals, and anteriorly by the horizontal rami of the pubic bones and the upper margin of the symphysis pubis

Question 19

Pelviscopic Surgery:

Answer 19

Laparoscopic surgery using multiple small incisions, specialized instruments, and techniques

Question 20

Perinatal:

Answer 20

Pertaining to combination fetal and neonatal periods; begins after 20 weeks gestation, and ends 28 days after birth

Question 21

Perineorrhaphy:

Answer 21

Plastic repair of the perineum

Question 22

Perineum:

Answer 22

Pelvic floor and associated structures occupying pelvic outlet

Question 23

Pessary:

Answer 23

Device placed in vagina or uterus to support uterus

Question 24

Placenta previa:

Answer 24

Placenta located at lower portion of uterus, covering all of or part of the internal os

Question 25

PMP:

Answer 25

Previous menstrual period

Question 26

Pneumoperitoneum:

Answer 26

Air in peritoneal cavity

Question 27

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS/ Stein-Leventhal Syndrome):

Answer 27

Syndrome of secondary oligomenorrhea and infertility associated with multiple follicle cysts of the ovary and failure to ovulate

Question 28

Postmenopausal Bleeding:

Answer 28

Bleeding from uterus, cervix, or vagina that occurs after menopause

Question 29

Postpartum:

Answer 29

After delivery or childbirth

Question 30

Postterm Pregnancy:

Answer 30

Pregnancy prolonged beyond the end of the 42nd week gestation

Question 31

Preeclampsia:

Answer 31

Specific hypertensive disorder of pregnancy with the diagnosis made on the basis of hypertension with proteinuria.

It usually occurs after the 20th week of pregnancy.

Question 32

Prematurity:

Answer 32

Infant born before 37 completed weeks (260 days) of pregnancy

Question 33

Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS):

Answer 33

Complex of symptoms occurring in the pro gestational phase of the menstrual period

Question 34

Presentation:

Answer 34

The portion of the body of the fetus that is coming first in the birth canal (i.e. vertex, breech, shoulder presentation)

Question 35

Presenting part:

Answer 35

Portion od the fetus that is felt through the cervix on vaginal exam; the presenting part determines the presentation

Question 36

Primigravida:

Answer 36

Woman who is pregnant for the first time

Question 37

Prolapse: Cord vs. Uterus

Answer 37

Cord: Umbilical cord precedes the presenting part of fetus during delivery

Uterine: Prolapse of uterus; usually due to loss of supporting structures–related to injuries of childbirth, advanced age, or congenital weakness

Question 38

Pseudocyesis:

Answer 38

False pregnancy in which some signs and symptoms of pregnancy are present, although no conception has taken place

Question 39

Puberty: Delayed vs. Precocious

Answer 39

The period between the beginning and the development of secondary sex characteristics and the completion of somatic growth

Delayed: Lack of secondary sex characteristics by 14 yoa

Precocious: Appearance of secondary sex characteristics before 7.5 yoa

Question 40

Puerperium:

Answer 40

Period after delivery in hwhc the reproductive tract returns to normal, non pregnant condition

Typically lasts 6-8 weeks

Question 41

Quickening:

Answer 41

First perception by the mother of fetal movement

Typically occurs between 16th-20th week gestation

Question 42

Rectocele:

Answer 42

Protrusion of rectum through the supporting structures of the posterior vaginal wall

Question 43

Tubal reflux:

Answer 43

Retrograde flow of uterine or tubal contents into abdominal cavity

Question 44

Rhythm (periodic abstinence):

Answer 44

Contraception method in which coitus is avoided when ovulation is likely

Question 45

Rubella (german measles):

Answer 45

Acute exanthematous viral disease that may cause fetal malformation if contracted during the first trimester of pregnancy

Question 46

Salpingectomy:

Answer 46

Surgical removal of fallopian tube

Question 47

Salpingo-oophorectomy

Answer 47

Surgical removal of a fallopian tube and ovary

Question 48

Schiller Test:

Answer 48

Application of iodine solution to cervix–> iodine taken up by glycogen in normal vaginal epithelium–> Epithelium turns brown

Areas lacking glycogen are white/ white-yellow as ub leukoplakia or cancer

Nonstaining areas are not diagnostic of cancer, but they aid in choosing the spot to biopsy

Question 49

Secondary sex characteristics:

Answer 49

The physical changes that have occurred in response to endocrine changes during puberty

Question 50

Semen analysis:

Answer 50

Evaluation of components of semen, especially spermatozoa, as means of evaluating male fertility