Glomerulonephritis aetiologies n that Flashcards
Define nephritic syndrome?
Nephritisis a very generic term that means inflammation of the kidneys.
What are the set criteria for nephritic syndrome?
There are no set criteria (unlike nephrotic syndrome)
What are the symptoms of nephritic syndrome?
1 - Haematuria (micro- or macroscopic)
2 - Proteinuria (progressive)
3 - Oliguria (significant reduction in urine production)
4 - Fluid retention
What are the criteria for nephrotic syndrome?
1 - Peripheral oedema
2 - Proteinuria (>3g/day)
3 - Hypoalbuminaemia
4 - Hypercholesterolaemia/lipidaemia
What is glomerulonephritis?
Glomerulonephritisis an umbrella term applied to conditions that causeinflammation of or around the glomerulus.
What are the two key parts of treating most conditions characterised as glomerulonephritis?
1) . Immunosuppression (E.g Steroids)
2) . Blocking the RAAS system (ACE Inhibitors and ARBs)
How does nephrotic syndrome predispose people to thrombosis, DVT and PE?
Loss of AT-III (anti-thrombin III)
What is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children?
Minimal change disease
What is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults?
Focal segment glomerulosclerosis
Treatment for minimal change disease?
Steroids - Prednisolone
Aetiology of minimal change disease?
Most are primary/idiopathic
Some are secondary:
- Drugs (NSAIDs, Lithium)
- Paraneoplastic (Haematological malignancy, usually Hodgkin’s Lymphoma)
Aetiology of focal segment glomerulosclerosis?
Primary/idiopathic or Secondary: - HIV - Heroin - lithium - Lymphoma - Any cause of reduced kidney mass - Kidney scarring due to another GN
Synonym for IgA GLomerulonephritis?
Berger’s Disease
Histological findings of IgA GN?
Histology shows “IgA deposits and glomerular mesangial proliferation”
Most common cause of glomerular pathology and chronic kidney disease in the UK?
Diabetic nephropathy