Bile, Biliary Tree and Gall Stones Pathophysiology Flashcards

1
Q

What lies at the centre of liver lobules?

A

Central vein

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2
Q

What carries blood to the central veins?

A

Sinusoids

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3
Q

Which cells produces bile?

A

Hepatocytes

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4
Q

What conducts bile into the interlobular bile ducts?

A

Bile canaliculi

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5
Q

What shape are liver lobules?

A

Hexagons

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6
Q

What structure lies in 3 corners of the liver lobule?

A

Interlobular portal triad

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7
Q

What constitutes the interlobular portal triads?

A

1) . Interlobular hepatic portal vein
2) . Interlobular hepatic artery
3) . BInterlobular biliary duct

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8
Q

What are the 3 parts of the gall bladder?

A

1) . Fundus
2) . Body
3) . Neck

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9
Q

What duct conducts bile from the gall bladder?

A

Cystic duct

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10
Q

Describe the constitution of bile?

A

Approx:

  • 70% bile salts and acids
  • 10% cholesterol
  • 5% Phopholipids
  • 5% Proteins
  • 1% Conjugated Bilirubin
  • The rest is water, bicarbonate and electrolytes (E.g. Ca2+)
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11
Q

What are the 2 types of stones?

A

1) . Cholesterol stones

2) . Pigmented stones (bilirubin stones)

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12
Q

What percentage of stones are cholesterol stones?

A

75-90%

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13
Q

What is the purpose? of bile

A

To emulsify fats

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14
Q

What is the name of a molecule with both a water-soluble portion and a lipid-soluble portion?

A

Amphipathic

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15
Q

What are bilirubin stones usually made from?

A

Unconjugated bilirubin + Ca2+

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16
Q

Are cholesterol stones radio-opaque?

A

Not usually although sometimes they can be?

17
Q

How might a cholesterol stone become radio-opaque?

A

Adoption of CaCO3

18
Q

Are bilirubin stones radio-opaque?

A

Yes - because of the calcium in them

19
Q

What kind of bilirubin is usually in bilirubin stones?

A

Unconjugated bilirubin (1-2% of total bilirubin in the bile is unconjugated)

20
Q

How can bacteria cause stones?

A

Bacteria (such as E. Coli) tend to hydrolyse bilirubin and cause more unconjugated bilirubin that becomes pigmented stones

21
Q

Name 3 risk factors for stones and say why

A
  1. Being female (+ being on the contraceptive pill)
    • Linked to estrogen

2) . Obesity
- Increased cholesterol

3) . Rapid weight loss
- Increased lipids