Globalization, Neoliberalism, and the Nation-State

Question 1

Globalization

Answer 1

The intensification of worldwide social relations that link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away, and vice versa (Robbins et al., 2017)

Question 2

Globalism

Answer 2

the idea that events in one country cannot be separated from those in another and that economic and foreign policy should be planned in an international way

Question 3

Nationalism

Answer 3

Loyalty and devotion to a nation; especially a sense of national consciousness exalting one nation above all others and placing primary emphasis on promotion of its culture and interests as opposed to those of other nations or supranational groups

Question 4

Nationalism vs Globalism

Answer 4

Generally opposed to each other
Nationalism
- Loyalty to fellow citizens over other people
-Focus on keeping jobs from being outsourced
-Concerned with safety and prosperity of own citizens

Globalism

• Attempting to support well-being of entire global population
• Not concerned with multinational production of goods and services
• Often supporting open or soft borders

Question 5

Economic Systems

Answer 5

The rules, mechanisms, institutions, and systems of relations through which goods and services are distributed and people get what they want

Solidified the rise of capitalism

Industrial revolution was linked to the spread of colonialism

Question 6

Industrial Revolution

Answer 6

A period of European history marked by a shift in production from agriculture to industrial goods, urbanization, and the factory system (Robbins et al., 2017)

Standardization of production
Mass-produced goods

Accumulation of wealth becomes a measure of success and morality

Question 7

Capitalism

Answer 7

an economic system in which investment in and ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange of wealth is made and maintained chiefly by private individuals or corporations, especially as contrasted to cooperatively or state-owned means of wealth

Question 8

Free trade

Answer 8

removal o barriers to the free flow of goods and capital between nations by eliminating import and export taxes…may also mean reducing environmental or social laws

Question 9

Neoliberalism

Answer 9

Economic philosophy that argues for minimal government involvement in the economy (Robbins et al., 2017)

Deregulation of economic systems

Contemporary capitalism under globalization

Neo = new
 Liberal = freedom 
Liberal vs conservative
 Neoliberalism is an economic ideology
 Neoliberalism is usually tied to conservative political ideology

Question 10

Laissez-faire

Answer 10

a doctrine opposing governmental interference in economic affairs beyond the minimum necessary for the maintenance of peace and property rights

Question 11

Adam Smith

Answer 11

market as an ideal system where “wealth is perpetually created for the benefit of all”

Question 12

Consequences of Deregulation

Answer 12

Poor working conditions
Environmental degradation
Economic fluctuations
Wealth inequality

Question 13

Keynesian Economics

Answer 13

Regulations on tax, interest rates, labor unions, environmental impact, etc

Heavy state involvement in economy

Led to rapid economic growth in North America in the 1960s

Question 14

Rise of Neoliberalism

Answer 14

Became popular in North America as a response to slowed growth of 1970s

Ideology influenced by fear of totalitarian societies in the aftermath of WWII

Believed well-being of economy and people is tied to complete freedom of individual entrepreneurs

Question 15

Results of Neoliberalism

Answer 15

Reduction of federal funding for education, welfare, health, etc
Dissolution of unions
Privatization
Capital flow from poorer to wealthier countries
Externalization of costs
Theoretically supposed to allow business to make more money so they can create more jobs

In reality, the extra money goes into the pockets of the rich and continues to exploit workers

In a global economy, only core countries amass wealth while peripheral countries are exploited

Question 16

Nation

Answer 16

A collection of people who share a common language, worldview, and ancestry

Question 17

Nation-state

Answer 17

A political community that has clearly defined territorial boarders and centralized authority (Robbins et al., 2017)

States are tools of colonialism around the world

Nation-states control the global economy by trade laws, taxes, etc

National economy vs global economy

Question 18

Nation-state and Economy

Answer 18

Global production of goods
Regulation of cost of labor
Within nation-state and outside as well
Tax subsidies for companies that produce “important” goods

Question 19

Globalization and Identity

Answer 19

Nation-states need to create nations out of their inhabitants

Ideological shaping

Belief in shared language, culture, heritage, values, etc.

Creating Others to support group identity

Question 20

Creating Citizens

Born into citizenship

Answer 20

Inherited from parents

Sense of in-group belonging from birth

Question 21

Creating Citizens Immigration

Answer 21

Strict laws governing who can come in and who can stay

Only some immigrants can reach citizenship

Question 22

Globalization and Racism

Answer 22

Imagined communities of people who “look like” and “act like” they belong to the in-group of citizens

People who don’t look or act “right” are not seen as true members of the imagined community

Increased immigration leads to philosophy of multiculturalism

Question 23

New racism

Answer 23

defining legitimate citizenship based on shared cultural norms, thus excluding difference

Question 24

Multiculturalism

Answer 24

“hyphenated cultures…are describes and celebrated as part of a ‘cultural mosaic.’”

Question 25

Neoliberalism, Globalism, and Education

Answer 25

Schools are institutions that integrate all members of a Nation-state into the imagined community

Teaching children how to be “good citizens”

Resource draining from periphery countries

Transnational flow of goods, but also ideas, images, art, etc.

Shared global identity – we are all human

Multinational corporations stressing food practices and local economies

Constant adaption and transformation to new ideas and practices

Question 26

Resistance and Reclamation

Answer 26

Power is in the hands of colonizers

Resistance from Indigenous groups around the world

Reclamation of what it means to be a legitimate occupier of land/space

Question 27

Indigenism

Answer 27

An international, collaborative movement that aims to protect the rights and livelihoods of Indigenous peoples

Question 28

Linguacide

Answer 28

forcing only one language (ex: English) to be used, therefore causing language death

Question 29

Tourism as a new(er) commodity in local economic systems

Answer 29

Increased income and cultural understanding

Environmental degradation and essentialism of host cultures

Question 30

Increase in Pan- cultures such as Pan-Africanism

Answer 30

Can lead to solidarity and support for revitalization movements

Tends to essentialize diverse cultures into a global whole – homogenization

Question 31

Outside the Academy

• policy creation

Answer 31

• economic
• education
• immigration/citizenship

Question 32

Outside the Academy

Answer 32

Support for Indigenous movements

Removing essentialization of globalization as a uniformly negative and homogenizing process

Supporting cultural growth and change