Globalization and the family Flashcards
What is the definition of globalisation
Widening, deepening and speeding up of the worldwide interconnectedness in all aspects of life, from the cultural to the criminal, financial to the spiritual
Defined by David Held et al
What are technological changes of globalisation?
Growth of the internet
- computer tech and internet has allowed people to connect from across the world (almost instantaneously)
People now able to connect through video calls, emails etc to share ideas, experiences and individual cultures
What are the economic changes of globalisation?
Development of the 24 hour economy and transnational companies (eg: amazon)
- Companies can often have annual revenue that is larger than some middle income countries
Many oil companies generate revenue 7x that of poor countries they operate in
- can mean they have a huge influence on the government politics of the countries in which they operate
What is political globalisation?
Amount of political co operation that exists between different countries
Since end of WW2: growth of international and regional mechanisms of gov
EG: UN AND EU
Governments of member states: increasingly restricted from international directives and laws, stemming from international bodies and influencing their domestic policies
How has the growth of worldwide media affected political globalisation?
Governments needing to remain conscious of how their policies and laws will play on the global stage
Could lead to sanctions from trading partners and impact future negotiations and deals
What is cultural globalisation?
Movement and sharing of ideas, attitudes and cultural products across national borders
- Idea of a global culture thats transmitted and reinforced by internet, mass media and transnational marketing of particular brands
Shapes perceptions, aspirations, tastes and everyday activities of people whereever they may be in the world
How is migration relevant to cultural globalisation?
Important aspect
- Globalisation process has been going on for several centuries: languages, religion, values spred by military conquest, missionary work and trade
Last 30 years: process of cultural globalisation dramatically intensified due to technological advances in both transportation and communications tech
Who are hyper globalists?
Believe globalisation is a positive process characterised by economic growth, increasing prosperity and spread of democracy
Aka: global optimists
What do hyper-globalists say about increasing trade?
Economic globalisation resulted in increasing trade
Resulted in huge economic growth and rising prosperity, correlated with declining birth rates and family size
What did hyper globalists say about increasing birth rates?
Immigrant families to the UK have on average higher birth rates than non immigrant families
Positive effect of this: reduces the dependency ratio
Claimed negative effect: an increased strain on public services, mainly schools
What do hyper globalists say about increase migration?
- Increasing cultural diversity and diversity of family structures
- More families stretched across national borders and have more family members abroad
After several centuries: more ethnic diversity
Reinforces globalisation as more families maintain contact through media and physical visits
What else is there to note about cultural globalisation?
Means that more people create friendship groups based on shared interests online
Many people regard these friendship networks as ‘family’
What about the gloablisation of single parent households?
Global trend of increasing numbers of people choosing to live alone
(still may be in relationships)
2015: 27% of single parent hosueholds
2045: 36% of single parent households
Who are global pessimists (GP)?
Globalisation: a form of western. american imperialism
GP: Ha-Joon Chang and Jeremy Seabrook
Process in which western institutions and ideas are imposed onto the rest of the world
- Transational corps: backbone of new global order - benefit esp from economic globalisation
What do global pessimists say about displacement?
Part of globalisation IS displacement
- Follows conflicts sometimes resulting in the breaking up of families
UK policies has focused (to an extent) on taking in more orphan refugee children meaning more global step/foster families
What globalists pessimists say about increased inequality?
It increased in family life and cost of living for the poor
- Inflation explains why so many young adults ‘choose’ to live with their parents
Property price speculation has driven up prices in London
- Basic costs of maintaining a family household has doubled in the last 30 years
What is Gidden’s theory of pure relationships?
More diversity, choice and uncertainty resulting in decline of people committing to long term relationships and more ‘pure’ relationships
No longer committed to tradition or sense of commitment
One which lasts only as long as both partners are happy with it
Makes cohabitation and serial monogamy more likely than marriage
What are negative effects of the globalisation of media?
- More difficult for parents to prevent radicalisation
- More exposure to global media events (US mass shootings, natural disasters etc)
- More risk conscious, anxious kids and more mental health issues (link to toxic childhood)
- Parents are more paranoid, more restrictive parenting and less outdoors
Whats globalisation’s influence on media?
More media flows
Children more active users of the media
More exposed to global media events
What do late modernists say?
Recognise that people have more choice in terms of their relationships and family arrangements
Dont believe people are as free as postmodernists suggests
Still underlying patterns and shared experiences of relationships: a consequence of living in a late modern society
What does Beck argue?
Fewer people get married because of an increase in ‘risk consciousness’
- people see nearly half of all marriages fail = less willing to take the risk
Not a matter of freedom of choice
- People are ‘reflexive’: look at society, see risk of marriage and choose not to get married
- their personal decisions are informed by whats going on in society
Whats an example of late modernists theory?
People are less likely to get married because of structural changes
- Gender equality means that both partners have to work and spend longer building their careers
Meaning the average person has less time to spend makingh a relationship work
- Equals a decline in marriage and an increase in divorce
What does Beck say we live in?
A ‘risk society’ where traditional has less influence and people have more choice
- more aware of risk and having choice means more time spent calculating the risk and rewards of different courses of action avaliable
What else does Beck say Risk society?
Contrasts with modern society of the past due to traditions
Traditional patriarchal family was unequal and oppressive but did provide a stable and predictable basis for family by proving roles and responibilities for each member
