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Families and Households: Sociology > Family Scholars > Flashcards

Family Scholars Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is liberal feminism?

A

Proposals to improve family life for women that involve slow policy reforms

Jennifer Sommerville suggests that women might find fulfillment from children rather than male partners.

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2
Q

What is a critique of radical feminism according to Sommerville?

A

Refusal to take into account progress women have made in family life in recent years

This critique is specifically directed at Germaine Greer.

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3
Q

Who is Anne Oakley and what are her views?

A

Advocates for policy changes and cultural shifts to promote gender equality in areas such as employment, leadership, and family dynamics.

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4
Q

What do radical feminists argue against liberal feminism?

A

Fails to deal with the patriarchal structures and culture in contemporary life

Key figures include Delphy, Leonard, and Greer.

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5
Q

According to Firestone, what basis does women’s biology have in inequality?

A

Menstruation, pregnancy, and breastfeeding create dependency.

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6
Q

What is Germaine Greer’s view on society?

A

Society is permeated with patriarchy, which is a major problem.

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7
Q

What role do women take in families according to Greer?

A

Wives, mothers, and daughters

Greer also critiques the societal view of mothers as ‘frumpish and suffocating.’

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8
Q

What does Fran Ansley argue in Marxism feminism?

A

Women take expressive roles, providing emotional support as a safety valve for men’s frustrations.

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9
Q

What is Diane Feeley’s perspective on family structure?

A

The family is an authoritarian unit dominated by the husband and adults in general.

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10
Q

What is the bourgeoisie’s role according to Karl Marx?

A

Control productive forces (infrastructure).

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11
Q

What is the relationship between the proletariat and bourgeoisie?

A

Proletariat gain a living by selling their labour power to the bourgeoisie, creating a directly exploitative relationship.

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12
Q

What does Hochschild describe as emotional labor?

A

Requirement to manage and regulate emotions to create a desired emotional experience for customers.

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13
Q

What does Zaretsky argue about the family in capitalism?

A

Family offers a safe haven from the harsh, exploitative capitalist world.

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14
Q

What is Engels’ view on the family structure?

A

The family is a mechanism for private property to be passed down to heirs.

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15
Q

What is Althusser’s view on ideology?

A

It is the best tool for getting people to think and act the way one wants them to.

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16
Q

What does Talcott Parsons emphasize as the function of family?

A

Stabilisation of adult personalities through emotional security found within marital relationships.

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17
Q

What are the four functions of the family according to Murdock?

A
  • Sexual: stable satisfaction of the sex drive
  • Reproduction: reproducing the next generations
  • Socialisation: of the young into society norms and values
  • Economic: fulfilling members’ economic needs.
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18
Q

What does Emile Durkheim say about social solidarity?

A

Individuals feel part of something bigger, teaching them standards of acceptable behavior.

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19
Q

What is the organic analogy by Spencer?

A

Society is similar to an organism; key social institutions act as organs.

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20
Q

What is the warm bath theory proposed by Steel and Kidd?

A

Family provides stress relief by creating a safe environment.

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21
Q

According to Becker, what do agents of social control do?

A

Work in narrow stereotypes and label people accordingly.

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22
Q

What is the ideal pupil concept by Becker?

A

Middle class, well spoken, quiet, respectful of authority, polite and well dressed.

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23
Q

What is the self-fulfilling prophecy described by Rosenthal and Jacobsen?

A

Individuals accept labels given to them and act accordingly.

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24
Q

What does Giddens say about media in society?

A

We are responding to media images rather than real people.

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25
Q

What does Baudrillard mean by media saturation?

A

Mass media shapes the way we live, saturating society with media imagery.

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26
Q

What is the concept of pick and mix identities by Baudrillard?

A

Consumption of media creates desires, allowing individuals to choose and combine identities.

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27
Q

What does Bauman say about consumption?

A

You are what you buy; identities are not constrained by ethnicity or class.

28
Q

What does Lyotard argue about meta-narratives?

A

Society can no longer be explained by general theories like functionalism and Marxism.

29
Q

What is Foucault’s view on knowledge?

A

There is no foundation for knowledge; all ideas are of equal value regardless of power status.

30
Q

What is the divorce-extended family concept by Stacey?

A

Women have more freedom to shape their family arrangements to meet their needs.

31
Q

What is life course analysis according to Hareven?

A

Focus on individual family members and the choices they make throughout life.

32
Q

What does Max Weber mean by Verstehen?

A

Understanding and interpreting the meaning behind human actions and behavior.

33
Q

What is Erving Goffman’s concept of dramaturgy?

A

The presentation of self in everyday life, akin to a theatrical performance.

34
Q

What does April Few emphasize in her work?

A

Debunking stereotypes of black women’s lives and representing their unique experiences.

35
Q

What is Charles Murray’s critique of the welfare system?

A

It has led to a dependency culture and undermined the nuclear family.

36
Q

What did Dennis and Erdos find about lone parent families?

A

Growth in lone parent families led to a decline in the role of fathers.

37
Q

What does Beck argue about family dynamics in the 1990s?

A

Families are becoming more egalitarian or negotiated.

38
Q

What trend did Giddens observe in family and marriage?

A

They have become more egalitarian due to contraception and women’s independence.

39
Q

What is the symmetrical family concept by Wilmott and Young?

A

Family life is gradually improving and becoming more equal and democratic.

40
Q

What were Parsons’ views on segregated roles in the 1950s?

A

Family characterized by gender division in roles: instrumental for men and expressive for women.

41
Q

What did Tunaley et al. find regarding grandparents’ role in childcare?

A

Almost 50% of working parents in the UK rely on grandparents for childcare.

42
Q

What did Jens Bonke argue about children’s contribution to housework?

A

Children make a fairly small contribution, with boys contributing less than girls.

43
Q

What do Dobash and Dobash say about patriarchal societies?

A

Cultural support exists for men to ‘discipline’ their wives or partners.

44
Q

What are Stephen Lukes’ three faces of power?

A
  • Decision making: gaining power through argument
  • Agenda setting: controlling what issues are discussed
  • Controlling wishes: influencing desires and preferences.
45
Q

What is one major factor precipitating assaults in domestic relationships?

A

Husbands’ perception that the wife was not performing domestic duties to his satisfaction

This reflects the societal acceptance of a domestic division of labor that allocates majority of duties to women.

46
Q

Who proposed the concept of the three faces of power?

A

Stephen Lukes

These include decision making, agenda setting, and controlling wishes and desires.

47
Q

What percentage of family decisions were taken jointly according to Edgell?

A

Half

This indicates a level of shared decision-making within families.

48
Q

According to Giddens, what characterizes family life that makes domestic violence common?

A

Emotional intensity and personal intimacy

The increasing isolation of nuclear families can escalate to violence.

49
Q

What does Wilkinson argue is a major cause of domestic violence?

A

Stress on family members caused by social inequality

Families on low incomes or in overcrowded housing are more likely to experience higher levels of stress.

50
Q

According to Mirlees-Black, who is often at greater risk of suffering domestic violence?

A

Those with less power, status, wealth, or income

This suggests that social and economic factors play a significant role in domestic violence risk.

51
Q

True or False: Elliot rejects the radical feminist claim that all men benefit from domestic violence.

A

True

Elliot argues that not all men are aggressive and many oppose domestic violence.

52
Q

What did Althusser argue is necessary for capitalism to survive?

A

People must be taught how to think and behave

The family is seen as a mechanism for instilling these values.

53
Q

According to Donzelot, how does the state regulate people’s behavior?

A

Using social policies through doctors and social workers

This process targets poor families more as they are viewed as more likely to be a ‘problem.’

54
Q

What is the ideology of familism as described by Chester?

A

Stresses the nuclear family ideal and negatively labels single parent families

This ideology is perpetuated by social agencies.

55
Q

What did Murray suggest about single parents?

A

They are at the heart of an ‘underclass’ that socializes children into a dependency culture

This view raises concerns about the economic costs associated with single parent families.

56
Q

What does Cashmore and Phoenix argue regarding children’s living situations?

A

It is often preferable for a child to live with one caring parent than with parents in conflict

This suggests that conflict can be detrimental to child well-being.

57
Q

According to the Rapoports, what characterizes modern British family life?

A

Diversity

This reflects a shift away from a single dominant family structure.

58
Q

What does Beck and Beck-Gernsheim suggest about rising divorce rates?

A

They are a product of a rapidly changing world where traditional rules no longer apply

This highlights the shift towards individualization and choice.

59
Q

According to Fletcher, what does a high divorce rate indicate?

A

Marriage is increasingly valued

Couples are less willing to endure unsatisfactory marriages.

60
Q

What is the ‘dual burden’ as identified by Hart?

A

Many women are responsible for both work and the bulk of housework and childcare

This imbalance may lead to higher divorce rates.

61
Q

What factor contributes to the negative attitudes towards the elderly according to Peter Townsend?

A

Old age is socially constructed as a period of dependency

The statutory retirement age contributes to this perception.

62
Q

What is the definition of globalization according to David Held et al?

A

The widening, deepening, and speeding up of worldwide interconnectedness in all aspects of life

This includes cultural, criminal, financial, and spiritual dimensions.

63
Q

What do Giddens’ ‘pure relationships’ emphasize?

A

Relationships that last only as long as both partners are happy

This contrasts with traditional commitments based on duty or obligation.

64
Q

What does Beck’s concept of ‘risk consciousness’ refer to?

A

Increased awareness of the risks associated with marriage leading to fewer people getting married

This reflects societal changes and attitudes toward marriage.

65
Q

What does Beck and Beck-Gernsheim say about negotiated families?

A

They do not conform to traditional family norms and vary according to members’ wishes

Such families are characterized by discussions and equal decision-making.

66
Q

According to Ballard, how does South Asian family life in the UK differ from typical white British families?

A

It has a much broader network of familial relations

This reflects a collectivist approach, emphasizing family honor.

Families and Households: Sociology (13 decks)

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