globalisation & popular culture Flashcards
globalisation
steger
- –> set of social processes thought to transform our present social condition into one of globality
- –> globality = social condition characterised by existence of global economic, political. ciltural & environmental interconnections & flows make existing borders & boundaries irrelevant
what does crothers say about factors promote globalisation
- new increased relationship created b/w people. social networks & ideas go beyond traditional nation state borders
e. g people in traditional societies now exposed to modern tech like phones & ‘modern’ ideas like democracy, equality
- –> modern societies exposed n influenced by values of developing world with env, alternative medicine, religion - people linked in new ways with production of goods & flow of finance capital & consumption - 24hr a day globally
e.g worker in west & developing country employed by same TNC
economic problem have knock on effect on rest of world - global events & issues become local events & issues - speed of communication & expectation of contact
e,g islamist groups & state take advantage of satellite tv channels to disseminate live images of beheading/ desroy antiquities to global audience
what does bell say about globalisation
–> never been form of global media with power to report & disseminate events with speed & geographic reach of twitter
—> usa holds first tv debate for democratic candidates
trump tweets out
—> twitter gives eyewitness reports & pictures ahead of broadcast news media
—> journalist go to phone first on media like other people
- -people exposed to complex world = ideas n identities shaped e,g twitter give people who live in repressive societies confidence to dissent n take to streets - demand for change
- facebook has 1,2 billion active users worldwide engaged in reconstruct identities by posting textual & visual rep - add to personal profile/identity
media & globalisation
- –> advances in mass communications, digitalisation & cyber tech - satellite, tv, internet, social network
- development in phones 4G transformed world’s concept of time & space
- info in all varied forms - news, ideas, financial data, cultural products - films, music transmitted 24hr a day
- assisted TNC like apple
what isculture
scott & marshall
–> a;ll that which in human society is socially transmitted
– learned from others in society
people born, join social world with culture already in existence
– childen learn how things done culturally = values, norms, rules n traditions to besuccessful
what is high culture
- –> refers to whatelite of particular society regard as highest intellectual achievements in areas like art, music, literature, poetr, theature
- –> high cultural products like classical n modern art paintings, sculpture, novels regarded as aesthetically superior to other cultural products = regarded as something profound of human condition
- –> high culture vital to social n cultural health & wellbeing of society to those with power to define it = societies globally judge each other on standards like creativity, expression n philosophy
—> british mass media focus on broadsheet newspapers = focus on art, reviews of music, ballets, operas & articles ofartistic merits of novelists, poets, painters
what is folk culture
- –> traditions & rituals of societies which pased down usually by word of mouth through generations for years
e. g uk of practices lie bonfire night, festivals, - –> authentic = reflects what goes on in everyday life in local communities
- globalised as tourists demand to see performance of traditional dance or song in countries visited
what is popular culture
- –> products of mass media in modern capitalist societies like tv, films, magaine, musicenjoyed by most people
- – products focused on entertainment
e. g snapchat twitter & construction ofidentity & exchange info - –> some argue = manufactured for mass consumption than created for its own sake
- – few artistic/ aesthetic merit compared with products of high culture
— BARNETT & SEYMOUR = superifical candyfloss culture = dumb down intelligence, creativity & critical thinking
globalisation of popular culture
000> entertainment media globalised via satellite, tv, global marketing, branding
000 people engage with same popular culture; same films, tv, e.g friends tv, justin bieber & olympic games, world cup
- –> led to homogenisation = people’s consumption habits in field of popular culture is similar wherever they are located
- reduction of cultural diversity in societies= abandon folk culture for mass produced & global popular culture
e. g youth neglect locally produced music to listen to american rap
- reduction of cultural diversity in societies= abandon folk culture for mass produced & global popular culture
postmodern perspective
effects of globalisation on popular culture
STRINATI
More individual choice
- –> aware of many of diverse cultures all over the world= inspiration to break with their own local traditions and live the lives they choose to.
- -> consumption opportunities: more choice of films, music, travel opportunities and of course global products.
- –> STRINATI = boundary between high and popular culture has also blurred: some classical music artists have sought out popular audiences for example, making high culture more accessible to the masses.
- –> opportunities for individuals to express themselves via social media.
- –> attracted global presence n audience - increase consumption choices n chances
The rejection of metanarratives
—> media saturation = there are now an incredibly diverse array of voices and opinions online.
challenges traditional ‘metanarratives’ – or any viewpoint which holds that there is one truth –
—> sceptical of the ‘truth claims’ of experts, which means it is harder for those with power to manipulate people because ‘they know better’.
—> no single truth = knowledge underpinned by diversity, plurality &difference
postmodernist view of globalisation effect on popular culture
SPENCER- THOMAS
JENKINS
The globalisation of protest
- –>New media has been used effectively to fight oppression.
- -> Spencer-Thomas = mass anti gov demonstrations in Burma failed to get media attention = military regime banned overseas journalists
- –> protests against military violence in Burma by 2007,= internet &Phones access = widespread global media coverage of the protests was achieved.
- -> political campaigners used Twitter and Facebook to fight oppression
Participatory culture
—>JENKINS - involvement of users, audiences, consumers, fans in creation of culture n content
—>Audiences are now more involved with the creation of media content, so the global media space is now more participatory than old style one-way media.
YouTube, or write blogs, or spend time maintaining their social media profiles.
–> sharing and critiquing other people’s content on social media.
—> people can produce culture themselves
—> create new forms of community 0 connection
effect of global media on local cultures
THOMPSON
COHEN N KENNEDY
- –> THOMPSON = globalsation of communication 0 intensive n extensive that all consumers are citizen both of world & locality
- –> global media products often domesticated by local folk cultures = hybridised media
- –> local cultures not swallowed up by global media culture but local culture adapts to global culture
e. g india - bollywood films by local film industry organised around hollywood & indian entertainment values - -> COHEN N SPENCER - local people dont abandon cultural traditions/ family duties/ religion/ national identites when listen to global music or film
- –> they appreciate elemnts of global culture, mix n match with local culture = citizen of usa n uk do
cultural pluralistview against globalisation of media & popular culture
Marcuse
- –> popular culture is ideological product aimed at distracting poorer groups from exploitation & inequality = feature of their everyday lives
- -> encourages conformity & lack of critical thinking
- -> MARCUSE - conformity is product of media audiences encouraged by media companies to subscribe in ways of thinking & behaviour;
1. commodity fetishism= products of popular culture special powers to enhance life of user
e. g TURKLE research- many see phones as extension to self & feel lose without it
- False needs = idea generated my media through marketing, advertising n branding = conform to modern lifestyle, consumers need to have product
- - product not essential but persuaded its central to life n identity
- – products designed to have short life span before next range
3/ conspicuous consumption - products generatespresented having more status than other item
- certain brands credit with imbuing consumer with more status
- –encouraged to consume to be seen with ‘right’ cultural products like designer label for status & praise
marxist view
ADORNO & MARCUSE - role of global mass media to indoctrinate global consumers into capitalist ideology & produce homogenised culture - promote capitalist values like materialism & consumerism
–> produce false consciousness- prevent criticism ofglobal capitalist system
cultural imperalism - americanisation
BABbeR
–> BARBER; 1 response to ameicancultural imperalism = rise of islamic fundamentalism & provoking of ‘jihad’ n define as bloody holy war on behalf of identity thats untrue = use american popular culture as threat that undermine their commitment in god
– rationale for terrorial attacks on us targets
»> Undermine people’s commitment to god
criticism of cultual imperalist
HELD
- –> HELD = make mistake of suggesting flow of culture is 1 way only = from west to developed world
- -> fail to know reverse cultural flows = how western culture enriched by inputs from popular culture of other counties
- – likely to produce hybrdisation as people in both west & develoiping world select from global only = please them & alter it = adapted to local culture, needs
- –> underestimate strength n richness of local cultures
e. g youth in developing countries enjoy american culture but not mean they are going to abandon their customs, family,, religious obligations or identity
what does fuchs say
cultural imperalist
fusch
keen
—> owners of TNC dominate world trade in popular culture = deny true choice to consumers
– disporportionally influence gov = threaten democracy n freedp, pf ex[ressopm
»> internet dominated by corporations that get capital by exploitig commodifying users never participatory
KEEN»> = global media like fb, twitter - too wrapped up in ‘me - culture’ = to be effective for social change
what does putnam and tuckle say
cultural imperalist
- –> PUTNAM N TURKLE = spread of global media, use of phones n social medias = side effect of bringing civic disengagment in countries around world
- –> west = people no longer willing to get involved in communities = stayu home n watch tv, internet n update social profile on fb
- –> proto-communities of internet chat rooms, blogging, fantasy gaming = replacing real communities of family, exended kin, neighbours
globalisation as Americanisation
mcchesney
FLEW »_space;> spread of global media & popular cutlure = globalisation is wrong for americanisation
»> imposing media products = popular culture on less powerful nations
»> show american way of life, politicial, social ,economic transmitted around like McDonalds, Coke, levi global cultural icons
»> social media reachs parts of world
MCCHESNEY»> domination of american cultural imperalism due to increasing cocentration of media companies in hands of few powerful american TNC= Disney have monopolistic control of news, films, tv, ads & ownership of internet
> > > globalisation of american culture = marginalisation or destruction of diverse local cultures & identities - logos become powerful symbols in developing world of need to adopt american sonumer lifestyle to modernise
replace authencitiy, vitality & diversity of local cultures ith homogenous, standardised american popular culture
cultural imperalist against globalisation
1. kellner
2/ corthers
3. hannerz
- ritzer
KELLNER»> global media culture is about sameness & erase individuality & difference
CROTHERS»> fear that everyone everywhere will end up eating same, reading, wearing same = lost cultural diversity lost
HANNERZ»> coca colonisation - american cultural products penetrate cultures & consciousness of people in les developed countires to convince their wants, desires & needs defined by american popular culture
RITZER»> mcdonaldisation - increasing tendency in devleoping worldfor cultural products to be delivered like american popular culture in standardised & predictably
post modern view
> > > More individual choice= people are now more aware diverse cultures all over world, = more inspiration to break with own local traditions -live the lives they choose to.
more consumption opportunities: more choice of films, music, travel opportunities
> > > boundary between high &popular culture has also blurred: some classical music artists have sought out popular audiences for example, making high culture more accessible to the masses.
> > > rejection of metanarratives= media saturation - diverse array of voices &opinions online.
challenges traditional ‘metanarratives’ – or any viewpoint which holds that there is one truth – as is found with traditional religions, political ideologies such as Marxism and science.
sceptical of the ‘truth claims’ of experts, = harder for those with power to manipulate people because ‘they know better’.
Participatory culture
what is high culture
> > > something apart from everyday life - special to be treated with respect & reverence- lasting values & part of heritage woth preserving
found in special places with galleries, museum, theatres aimed at rich & professional mc audiences with ‘good taste’
what is mass culture / low culture
mass culture = commerically produced cultures produced as entertainment for sale to mass of ordinary people
»> mass produced, standardized, short-lived = see litttle lasting vallue & demand critical
> > > low culture = derogatory term to describe popular culture = popular culture is inferior quality
what is popular culture
everyday simple undemanding easy entertainment than special enjoyed by mass of ordinary people
»> popular tastes products of mass culture
»> passive, unchallenging entertainment to majority of people
»> provide no challenge to existing social structure or dominant cultural ideas
