globalisation & popular culture Flashcards
globalisation
steger
- –> set of social processes thought to transform our present social condition into one of globality
- –> globality = social condition characterised by existence of global economic, political. ciltural & environmental interconnections & flows make existing borders & boundaries irrelevant
what does crothers say about factors promote globalisation
- new increased relationship created b/w people. social networks & ideas go beyond traditional nation state borders
e. g people in traditional societies now exposed to modern tech like phones & ‘modern’ ideas like democracy, equality
- –> modern societies exposed n influenced by values of developing world with env, alternative medicine, religion - people linked in new ways with production of goods & flow of finance capital & consumption - 24hr a day globally
e.g worker in west & developing country employed by same TNC
economic problem have knock on effect on rest of world - global events & issues become local events & issues - speed of communication & expectation of contact
e,g islamist groups & state take advantage of satellite tv channels to disseminate live images of beheading/ desroy antiquities to global audience
what does bell say about globalisation
–> never been form of global media with power to report & disseminate events with speed & geographic reach of twitter
—> usa holds first tv debate for democratic candidates
trump tweets out
—> twitter gives eyewitness reports & pictures ahead of broadcast news media
—> journalist go to phone first on media like other people
- -people exposed to complex world = ideas n identities shaped e,g twitter give people who live in repressive societies confidence to dissent n take to streets - demand for change
- facebook has 1,2 billion active users worldwide engaged in reconstruct identities by posting textual & visual rep - add to personal profile/identity
media & globalisation
- –> advances in mass communications, digitalisation & cyber tech - satellite, tv, internet, social network
- development in phones 4G transformed world’s concept of time & space
- info in all varied forms - news, ideas, financial data, cultural products - films, music transmitted 24hr a day
- assisted TNC like apple
what isculture
scott & marshall
–> a;ll that which in human society is socially transmitted
– learned from others in society
people born, join social world with culture already in existence
– childen learn how things done culturally = values, norms, rules n traditions to besuccessful
what is high culture
- –> refers to whatelite of particular society regard as highest intellectual achievements in areas like art, music, literature, poetr, theature
- –> high cultural products like classical n modern art paintings, sculpture, novels regarded as aesthetically superior to other cultural products = regarded as something profound of human condition
- –> high culture vital to social n cultural health & wellbeing of society to those with power to define it = societies globally judge each other on standards like creativity, expression n philosophy
—> british mass media focus on broadsheet newspapers = focus on art, reviews of music, ballets, operas & articles ofartistic merits of novelists, poets, painters
what is folk culture
- –> traditions & rituals of societies which pased down usually by word of mouth through generations for years
e. g uk of practices lie bonfire night, festivals, - –> authentic = reflects what goes on in everyday life in local communities
- globalised as tourists demand to see performance of traditional dance or song in countries visited
what is popular culture
- –> products of mass media in modern capitalist societies like tv, films, magaine, musicenjoyed by most people
- – products focused on entertainment
e. g snapchat twitter & construction ofidentity & exchange info - –> some argue = manufactured for mass consumption than created for its own sake
- – few artistic/ aesthetic merit compared with products of high culture
— BARNETT & SEYMOUR = superifical candyfloss culture = dumb down intelligence, creativity & critical thinking
globalisation of popular culture
000> entertainment media globalised via satellite, tv, global marketing, branding
000 people engage with same popular culture; same films, tv, e.g friends tv, justin bieber & olympic games, world cup
- –> led to homogenisation = people’s consumption habits in field of popular culture is similar wherever they are located
- reduction of cultural diversity in societies= abandon folk culture for mass produced & global popular culture
e. g youth neglect locally produced music to listen to american rap
- reduction of cultural diversity in societies= abandon folk culture for mass produced & global popular culture
postmodern perspective
effects of globalisation on popular culture
STRINATI
More individual choice
- –> aware of many of diverse cultures all over the world= inspiration to break with their own local traditions and live the lives they choose to.
- -> consumption opportunities: more choice of films, music, travel opportunities and of course global products.
- –> STRINATI = boundary between high and popular culture has also blurred: some classical music artists have sought out popular audiences for example, making high culture more accessible to the masses.
- –> opportunities for individuals to express themselves via social media.
- –> attracted global presence n audience - increase consumption choices n chances
The rejection of metanarratives
—> media saturation = there are now an incredibly diverse array of voices and opinions online.
challenges traditional ‘metanarratives’ – or any viewpoint which holds that there is one truth –
—> sceptical of the ‘truth claims’ of experts, which means it is harder for those with power to manipulate people because ‘they know better’.
—> no single truth = knowledge underpinned by diversity, plurality &difference
postmodernist view of globalisation effect on popular culture
SPENCER- THOMAS
JENKINS
The globalisation of protest
- –>New media has been used effectively to fight oppression.
- -> Spencer-Thomas = mass anti gov demonstrations in Burma failed to get media attention = military regime banned overseas journalists
- –> protests against military violence in Burma by 2007,= internet &Phones access = widespread global media coverage of the protests was achieved.
- -> political campaigners used Twitter and Facebook to fight oppression
Participatory culture
—>JENKINS - involvement of users, audiences, consumers, fans in creation of culture n content
—>Audiences are now more involved with the creation of media content, so the global media space is now more participatory than old style one-way media.
YouTube, or write blogs, or spend time maintaining their social media profiles.
–> sharing and critiquing other people’s content on social media.
—> people can produce culture themselves
—> create new forms of community 0 connection
effect of global media on local cultures
THOMPSON
COHEN N KENNEDY
- –> THOMPSON = globalsation of communication 0 intensive n extensive that all consumers are citizen both of world & locality
- –> global media products often domesticated by local folk cultures = hybridised media
- –> local cultures not swallowed up by global media culture but local culture adapts to global culture
e. g india - bollywood films by local film industry organised around hollywood & indian entertainment values - -> COHEN N SPENCER - local people dont abandon cultural traditions/ family duties/ religion/ national identites when listen to global music or film
- –> they appreciate elemnts of global culture, mix n match with local culture = citizen of usa n uk do
cultural pluralistview against globalisation of media & popular culture
Marcuse
- –> popular culture is ideological product aimed at distracting poorer groups from exploitation & inequality = feature of their everyday lives
- -> encourages conformity & lack of critical thinking
- -> MARCUSE - conformity is product of media audiences encouraged by media companies to subscribe in ways of thinking & behaviour;
1. commodity fetishism= products of popular culture special powers to enhance life of user
e. g TURKLE research- many see phones as extension to self & feel lose without it
- False needs = idea generated my media through marketing, advertising n branding = conform to modern lifestyle, consumers need to have product
- - product not essential but persuaded its central to life n identity
- – products designed to have short life span before next range
3/ conspicuous consumption - products generatespresented having more status than other item
- certain brands credit with imbuing consumer with more status
- –encouraged to consume to be seen with ‘right’ cultural products like designer label for status & praise
marxist view
ADORNO & MARCUSE - role of global mass media to indoctrinate global consumers into capitalist ideology & produce homogenised culture - promote capitalist values like materialism & consumerism
–> produce false consciousness- prevent criticism ofglobal capitalist system
cultural imperalism - americanisation
BABbeR
–> BARBER; 1 response to ameicancultural imperalism = rise of islamic fundamentalism & provoking of ‘jihad’ n define as bloody holy war on behalf of identity thats untrue = use american popular culture as threat that undermine their commitment in god
– rationale for terrorial attacks on us targets
»> Undermine people’s commitment to god
