Globalisation, Green crime...

Question 1

Two ways globalisation has changed the type of crime

Answer 1

• growth of cyber crime (cyber theft, terrorism, violence) hackers can be in a different country
• terrorism easier, communicate with members across the world
• financial crimes, money laundering is easier, move money between accounts

Question 2

Impact of globalisation on crime

Answer 2

Beck, risk society: growing instability, hard to pinpoint who’s responsible

Individualism, Bauman: weigh the costs + benefits of their decisions for highest rewards

opportunities: newer types of crime, discuss crimes undetected, committed in different countries

Question 3

Explain what Glenny means by the McMafia

Answer 3

• growth in organised crime networks based on economic links
• disperse around the world

Question 4

Explain what White means by anthropocentric and
ecocentric views

Answer 4

anthropocentric= harm to environment from humanity view, (pollution causes diseases)

ecocentric= harm to the environment even without human costs (animal cruelty)

Question 5

Explain South’s two types of green crime

Answer 5

Primary green crime= destruction of earths resources (pollution, deforestation)

Secondary green crime= result of flouting rules (hazardous waste, state violence)

Question 6

Victims & perpetrators of green crime (Wolf)

Answer 6

victims= poor/ ethnic minorities who cant move from harmed areas

perpetrators= individuals (litter) businesses (waste) Military (bombs/chemicals)

Question 7

McLaughlin’s four types of state crime

Answer 7

• political= correlation between corruption, war and poverty
• military + police= genocides, imprisonment without trial, disappearance
• economic= violation of health & safety (chernobyl)
• social + cultural= racism

Question 8

Why state crime can be hard to define, measure and punish

Answer 8

• states have the power to conceal their crimes, change law to benefit their deviance

Question 9

Example of a genocide/ war crime

Answer 9

Rwanda genocide, 100 days of killings, 800,000 people died

Question 10

Explanations for state crime

Answer 10

Modernity (Bauman): division of labour (responsible for 1 task), normalisation, science + technology (justifies)

Kelman + Hamilton:
- authorisation
- routinisation
- dehumanisation

Question 11

evaluate globalisation and crime

Answer 11

+ more connectedness between law enforcements around the world

-difficult to investigate (secretive)