Gender and Crime Flashcards

1
Q

Describe official statistics for gender differences in offending/ sentencing/ victims

A
  • 4/5 convicts in England and Wales are male
  • higher proportion female for property offences
  • higher proportion male for sexual offences
  • males more likely to reoffend
  • female crimes less likely to be reported
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2
Q

Explain Pollak’s concept of the chivalry thesis

A
  • most criminal justice agents (men) socialised to act chivalrous and protective of women
  • more lenient with women
  • questions validity of official statistics

1/9 receive sentence for shoplifting, 1/5 men

evidence against: many male crimes unreported, sexual assault crimes

Heidensohn= bias towards women, double standards, motherhood

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3
Q

Parson’s sex role theory

A
  • boys aggressive, risk taking,(instrumental)
  • girls gentle and tender (expressive)
  • feminists criticised this
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4
Q

Heidensohn’s patriarchal control thesis

A
  • women are controlled, limited opportunities to offend
  • control at home: childcare, domestic tasks
  • dobash + dobash, domestic violence. control through financial power
  • girls bedroom culture 54% women avoid going out after dark
  • control at work, sexual harassment
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5
Q

Carlen’s class and gender deals

A

class deal= work, offered material rewards
gender deal= emotional rewards from husband

crime becomes more likely if these deals collapse, only route e.g lose job, husband lack of emotion

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6
Q

Adler’s liberation thesis

A

As women become liberated from patriarchy, crimes become more frequent and serious
- greater opportunities at work e.g commit fraud

  • 1950s female offending 1/7 1990s 1/6

eval= most female criminals WC, not influenced by liberation, female crime rose before liberation movement

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7
Q

Gender and victimisation

A
  • more women victims of intimate violence 31%
  • 10x more women sexually assaulted
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8
Q

Messerschmidt’s views on masculinity and crime

A

Masculinity is a social constuct/ accomplishment
- hegemonic masculinity is the most dominant
white MC youths, white WC youths (Willis), black WC youths (gang)

eval= not all men use crime for masculinity

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9
Q

Winlow’s theorised link between globalisation
and crime

A

globalisation led to decline of traditional manual jobs unable to express masculinity.
Winlow bouncers in Sunderland can demonstrate masculinity through violence.
- men use bodily capital to maintain reputation

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