Globalisation Case Studies Flashcards
Case Study for transport improvements? (2)
Easy Jet - EasyJet has expanded air travel across Europe, making it more accessible and affordable. In 1995, EasyJet had just two aircraft; by 2019, it had over 330, carrying more than 96 million passengers annually. - uses online advertisement!
Containerisation - Revolutionized global trade by standardizing shipping. Over 90% of non-bulk goods are now transported in containers, reducing costs by around 90% compared to pre-container shipping.
Case Study for vital infomation spreading through innovative technoloy?
In Kenya, mobile phones help pregnant women access vital health info through SMS services. Over 85% of Kenyans now have mobile access, improving maternal healthcare by providing appointment reminders and emergency support especially to more rural areas.
Case study for TNCs and employment.
BT outsourced operations to Mumbai, creating jobs in customer service and IT support. Over 7,000 people are employed in BT’s Indian operations, benefiting from lower wages while gaining skills in the global tech industry.
Case study for TNCs and poor working conditions?
Fast Fashion Industries - The Rana Plaza factory collapse in Bangladesh (2013) killed 1,134 workers and exposed unsafe conditions in supply chains for global brands like Primark and H&M. Many workers earned as little as $38 per month, highlighting exploitation and weak labour regulations in the fast fashion industry.
Case Study for TNCs and enviromental damage?
TNCs like McDonald’s and Cargill drive deforestation in the Amazon for cattle ranching and soy production. Between 2001 and 2020, over 17% of the Amazon was lost, with much of the cleared land used to supply global markets, contributing to biodiversity loss and climate change.
Case study for other ways migration has increased?
Qatar relies heavily on migrant labor, with Indians making up over 700,000 of its 2.8 million population (around 25%). Many move for construction and service jobs, especially for projects like the 2022 FIFA World Cup, though concerns over poor working conditions and worker rights persist. Over 6,500 died building the stadiums.
Case study for Legal Economic Framework IGOs?
IMF + WB created structural adjustment programmes. They also use the “Washington Consensus” which is a set of 10 policies countries who recieve aid have to follow.
Structural adjustment programmes like the Tanzania Water Privatisation encouraged by the WB.
Example of Global Acquisitions TNC?
Walmart - Biggest TNC globally - bought ASDA in the UK to increase market share in Great Britain.
Case study for a Trading Bloc?
NAFTA, established in 1994 between the U.S., Canada, and Mexico, created one of the world’s largest free trade areas. Trade between these countries tripled, reaching over $1 trillion by 2018
Case study for SEZs?
1978 - China Open Door Policy
The main SEZ was Shenzhen, which saw rapid growth from a small fishing village to a major city. Shenzhen’s GDP grew from $2 billion in 1980 to over $300 billion by 2020, transforming China into the world’s manufacturing hub and lifting millions out of poverty.
Case study for an Economic Union?
EU / Schengen area - abolishment of border controls, no tariffs, no restrictions on people moving across borders.
One of the biggest TNCs?
Apple, with its global operations, has a presence in over 100 countries. It is the largest company by market capitalization, valued at over $2 trillion, and has supply chains and production networks spanning across the world, from China to India, and retail stores in numerous countries.
Market Value = Canada GDP
Example of a switched off place due to political factors?
China - Censorship, while capital flows are ripe, infomation flows are not. - Tianament square.
North Korea - Dictatorship, tight control over its citizens. The government imposes severe restrictions on travel, communication, and access to information. The Internet is limited to only a few elite individuals. They only trade with China.
Case Study for outsourcing services into India? (2)
- Mumbai BT outsources work to Mumbai - mainly call centres (call centres are massive in India) over 15,000 are employed by BT.
- Bangalore is India’s leading IT services and tech hub, known as the “Silicon Valley of India,” driving global outsourcing and a hive of tech TNCs. Bangalore generates over 38% of India’s IT exports.
Case study for outsourcing manufacturing into China?
Apple outsource about 70% of their manufacturing to China.
Case Study for shift in outsourcing?
Sweat shops transitioned from China to Bangladesh.
Garment industry is Bangladesh’s biggest employer.
Case Study for Deindustrialisation?
Merseyside 1980’s.
Crime increased, between 1970 and 1980 over 50,000 jobs were lost - unemployment peaked at 20%.
Case Study for TNCs exploiting labours?
Dhaka Bangladesh - RANA PLAZA 2013.
Over 1500 people died who were working for Shein, HM etc after building collapsed.
Case Study for global shift to China. (In terms of middle class / economic status.)
Car ownership gone from 1/100 families in 2000 to 1/5 now.
Case study for enviromental impacts of industrialisation / outsourcing on enviroment?
China’s “Airpocalypse” - 4400 die each year from pollution.
- 16/20 most polluted cities were Chinese in 2006 - however this is shifting to India, Pakistan and Bangladesh (global shift even within regions!!!)
Case study for impacts of westernisation?
Chinas changing diets - 1980 - 1990 meat consumption rose from 5kg per year per person to 50kg!
Example of a megacity? (2)
Mumbai (20m) - half of population live in slums. Produces 500,000 tonnes of rubbish daily.
Tokyo (37m)
Case study for elite migration?
Russian oligarchs to Kensington, London.
In 2020, it was estimated that around 150 Russian billionaires and their families lived in the UK.
Case study for low wage migrants
An estimated 2 million migrant workers, primarily from countries like Nepal, India, and the Philippines, were involved in the construction projects for the Qatar World Cup, with reports suggesting that over 6,500 migrant workers died due to poor working conditions.
Case study for remittances?
13.8Bn sent from the UAE to India every year.
Case study for a country relying on migrants to fill workforce? (2)
9/10 industrial jobs in UAE are migrants.
NHS is 15% 1st gen migrants.
Case study for positives of a global culture?
Paralympic games have been turned into one of the world’s biggest sporting events.
The UN convention on the rights of persons with disablities seeks to bring cultural homogenization on this matter worldwide.
Case study for resistance to a “Global Culture” (2)
Iran - the Islamic government confiscated and banned barbie dolls because they believed it paved the way to fully denounching the islamic image.
France - 40% of media had to be domestically made to protect the language and culture.
Case Study for TNCs building opposition towards globalisation?
Shell Oil pollution in Nigeria - sued for oil links and polluting water sources and facing backlash from the Government and Nigerian people.
Case Studies Western Media Influence?
BBC reach 500m people globally.
Case study for Westernisation threatening language.
UN estimates 560 languages are under from “Globish”.
