globalisation case studies Flashcards
incredible edible in todmorden
community-driven initiative that promotes growing food locally and sustainably
encourages residents, businesses, and organizations to plant and cultivate edible plants, such as fruit, vegetables, and herbs, in public spaces around the town
Whalley’s hydro scheme
a small-scale hydroelectric power project located in the village of Whalley, Lancashire, England. The scheme harnesses the power of water flowing through the local River Calder to generate electricity, providing a renewable energy source for the community.
aims to reduce reliance on fossil fuels and increase the accessibility and use of renewable energy resources.
total cost of £750,000 was raised from 310 shareholders
the bee network
a vision for creating a fully integrated, sustainable transport system across Greater Manchester. Its goal is to improve connectivity, accessibility, and environmental sustainability while reducing congestion and promoting active travel, such as walking/cycling/trams and buses
technology advancements in africa
micro ensures fearless health - people can access basic healthcare online
techo - creating phones than can run off less data and internet and can withstand harsh climates and tough conditions e.g. dusty and hot
safaricom launched mpesa that allows businesses to digitally transfer money e.g. 1/3 of kenya’s GDP was sent through mpesa
mshule (kenya) = allows children in remote areas to access education online, these platforms provide students with access to digital courses and resources, helping bridge the education gap in underserved areas
cuba - switched-off from globalisation
U.S. Trade Embargo: Since 1960, Cuba has been subject to a trade embargo imposed by the United States, which restricts its access to American markets, financial systems, and a wide range of goods and services.
State-Controlled Economy: Cuba’s government, led by the Communist Party, controls most of the economy. the economy is heavily state-run and there is little FDI. This limits the extent to which Cuba can participate in global trade, innovation, and markets.
Political Isolation: Cuba’s political system and its alignment with socialist ideologies have led to strained relationships with many Western countries, particularly the U.S
north korea - switched-off from globalisation
- North Korea is ruled by an authoritarian regime under the leadership of the Kim dynasty. The government operates in a highly secretive and controlled manner, with tight restrictions on information and contact with the outside world. The regime’s focus on maintaining total control over the country leads to minimal engagement with global systems and institutions.
- North Korea has faced extensive international sanctions, particularly from the United Nations, the United States, and the European Union, due to its nuclear weapons program, missile tests, and human rights abuses. The sanctions hinder trade, foreign investment, and access to global markets, effectively isolating the country.
- The North Korean government follows the Juche ideology, which emphasizes self-reliance and independence from foreign influence. The country aims to be self-sufficient in areas like food production, energy, and manufacturing, limiting its need for foreign trade or global economic integration.
- North Korea has some of the most restricted internet access in the world. The vast majority of the population has no access to the global internet. Information about the outside world is tightly controlled, and the government closely monitors all digital communications. lack of cultural integration.
- The North Korean regime enforces strict social controls to prevent outside cultural influences from entering the country. Foreign media, entertainment, and educational materials are heavily censored or completely banned. This ensures that the population remains largely unaware of global trends, ideas, and technologies
himilayas - switched-off from globalisation
- Remote and Harsh Terrain: The Himalayan mountain range is one of the most rugged and isolated areas in the world. The difficult geography makes transportation and communication between the region and the rest of the world very challenging. High-altitude terrain, narrow roads, and extreme weather conditions can make access to remote villages or areas slow and expensive.
- Limited Infrastructure: Many parts of the Himalayan region lack modern infrastructure, such as high-quality roads, railways, and airports, which are critical for participation in the global economy.
dhaka, bangladesh - social issues due to rapid migration causing urban growth
- rapid urban growth e.g. around 400,000 new reisdents arriving each year with a population of 23 million (megacity)
- Slums and Informal Settlements: The rapid influx of people into Dhaka has led to the proliferation of slums and informal settlements. Overcrowded living conditions, inadequate sanitation, and a lack of proper infrastructure are common in these areas.
- Substandard Housing: Many residents live in poorly constructed, temporary shelters, often in high-risk areas such as flood zones. These informal settlements are vulnerable to disasters like flooding, fires, and building collapses.
- Healthcare: increased pressure on healthcare services. Hospitals and clinics are often overwhelmed, leading to long waiting times and limited access to quality care, especially for the poor.
- Public Services: Basic services such as waste management, water supply, and sanitation systems are often insufficient to meet the demands of Dhaka’s growing population, leading to poor living conditions in many areas.
- Job Scarcity: fierce competition for jobs and many migrants struggle to find stable, well-paying work. This contributes to high rates of informal labor, which are often low-paying and lack job security.
- Class Divide: Dhaka’s rapid urbanization has led to a growing gap between the rich and the poor. While affluent areas in the city have modern infrastructure and amenities, slums and poorer neighborhoods suffer from inadequate services and poor living conditions.
- Gender Inequality: Women in low-income areas face additional challenges, including limited access to education, healthcare, and employment opportunities. risks of gender-based violence.
deindustrialisation in glasgow
- Shift from Manufacturing to Services: By the mid-20th century, many of the industries that had driven Glasgow’s economy, such as shipbuilding, coal mining, steel production, and textiles, were facing intense global competition and had been moved to manufacturing hubs in asia
- Cheaper Production Overseas: Glasgow’s industrial sectors, especially shipbuilding and textiles, faced increasing competition from countries with lower labor costs, particularly in Asia
- UK government implemented policies that promoted free-market capitalism, reduced government intervention, and prioritized the financial and service sectors over manufacturing
- many cities in glasgow become economically depressed and heavy industrial activity in Glasgow contributed to significant environmental damage, including air and water pollution, which worsened the city’s reputation
chaning diets in asia
- increased Consumption of Processed and Convenience Foods
- Global Fast Food Chains: Western fast food chains, such as McDonald’s, have expanded rapidly in Asian markets, shaping dietary habits, especially among younger generations. These chains offer familiar, quick options that fit into the busy, modern lifestyle.
- Shift Towards Meat and Dairy Consumption
- Sugar and Junk Food: Along with the rise of fast food, sugary drinks, and snacks, such as soft drinks, candies, and chips, have become more common in the Asian diet, contributing to concerns about rising rates of obesity, diabetes, and other health problems.
- Rise of Delivery and Online Food Services that has been exacerbated since the covid-19 pandemic
- coca-cola is being used in religious ceremonies in some areas, and is cheaper and more accessible than clean and safe water, it is also used to treat diabetes
the korowai and cultural homogenisation and dissapearance of cultures
loss of native, indigenous tribal life
being introduced to western ideologies
why so many nigeria languages have been lost
- Internal Migration: As Nigeria’s population grew and urban areas expanded, many people moved from rural areas to cities in search of better economic opportunities. In these urban centers, people from different ethnic and linguistic backgrounds come into contact with one another, and English are the more common means of communication.
- British Colonial Influence: Nigeria was a British colony from 1865 to 1960, and during this period, English was established as the official language. The British education system and government policies promoted English, while local languages were marginalized. As a result, many Nigerians were educated in English and encouraged to adopt it as their primary language for social, economic, and political interactions.
- Media Dominance of English: Globalization has led to the widespread consumption of media in English, including television, movies, music, and the internet. English-language media, particularly those from Western countries, have significantly influenced Nigerian culture. This has contributed to the younger generation preferring English-language content over media in indigenous languages, further eroding the use of local languages.
- Social Media and Technology: With the rise of digital platforms like social media and texting, English has become the dominant language of communication. Many young Nigerians are more comfortable using English or a mixture of English and Pidgin English on platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and WhatsApp, making it less likely for them to use their native languages in everyday interactions.
- have lost 100 native languages in 100 years
why the paralympics refect chaning social attitudes due to globalisation
more commonly adopted western beliefs include inclusivity and acceptance for a wider range of people and disabilites. the paralympics have led to a greater global awareness for ‘different people’ and has helped catalyse positive social change.
chinas open door policy, and how that opened them to globalisation
China’s approach to opening up its economy to foreign trade, investment, and engagement with the global economy, encouraging foreign investment in special economic zones in 1978.
SEZs, like those found in Shenzen encouraged foreign investment to invest with preferential terms
joining the WTO in early 2000s, China committed to reducing tariffs, increasing trade liberalization, and opening various sectors of its economy to foreign competition.
environmental issues is dhaka, bangladesh due to rapid migration causing urban growth
- High Levels of Air Pollution: Dhaka has some of the highest levels of air pollution in the world
- Contaminated Water Sources: Dhaka’s rivers, are heavily polluted with industrial waste, untreated sewage, and garbage. The growing population has exacerbated the contamination of water sources, making it unsafe for consumption and threatening public health.
- Groundwater Over-extraction: inadequate access to surface water, Dhaka relies heavily on groundwater for drinking and other uses. Over-extraction has led to declining water tables, making it more difficult for residents to access clean water.
- Increased Traffic and Pollution: The population boom in Dhaka has led to extreme traffic congestion, with vehicles idling for long periods in gridlocked streets. This increases vehicle emissions, contributes to air pollution, and wastes fuel.
-Flooding During Monsoon: Dhaka’s geographical location makes it prone to seasonal flooding, particularly during the monsoon months. - Poor Drainage Systems: The city’s drainage systems are outdated and inadequate for handling the volume of rainwater and waste runoff from the growing population.
- Urban Sprawl and Deforestation: As Dhaka expands, green spaces, parks, and natural habitats are being converted into urban areas. This loss of green spaces reduces biodiversity, exacerbates the urban heat island effect
