Globalisation and Migration Flashcards
Define globalisation
Barriers between societies are disappearing and people are becoming increasingly interconnected across national boundaries
What is gloabalisaiton a result of
Growth of communication systems and global media, markets, fall of communism in Eastern Europe expanision of EU
DEscribe acceleration
Speeding up rate of migration
UN - 2000 and 2013 increased by 33% to reach 232 mil
Describe differentiation
There are different types of migrants ie spouses, temporary workers, forced migrants, some have legal entitlement some don’t
Globalisation increases the diversity ie - students are major group of migrants in 2014 - more Chinese born than UK born post grads
Describe superdiversity
Vertovec - migrants now come from wider range of countries, in an ethnic group individuals differ in terms of legal status ie spouse or citizen
What does Cohen say?
3 classes amoung migrants
Citizens - full rights
Denizens - priviledge foreign nationals welcomed by the state
Helots - Explotied. Dispoable units of labour and a reserve army - illegal trafficking
Describe the feminisation of migration
50% female - globalisation of gender division of labour, females fitted to patriarchal stereotypes about womens roles
What did Ehrenreich and Hochschild observe?
CAre, domestic, sex work in western countries is increasingly done by women
Result of - expansion of service occupaptions increasing female labour demand
Joined labour force and are less willing to perform domestic labour
Western men remain unwilling to perform domestic labour
Failure to provide childcare
What did Shutes say?
40% of adult care nurses in the UK are migrants, most female
Describe the global transfer of emotion labour
Migrant nannies provide care and affection at the expense of their own children left behind
What do some women enter into the country as?
Mail order brides reflecting gendered and racialised sterotypes
Slavery
Describe migrant identities
Eade - 2nd generation Bangladeshi muslims in Britain created hierarchical identies they saw themselves as muslim first, then Bengali, then british so others claim they aren’t like them
Describe transnational identity
Eriksen - globalisation has created a diverse pattern with back and forth movement through networks over permanent settlement
Less likely to see themselves as belonging to a culture - technology means they can sustain global ties without having to travel
Describe politicaisation of migration
Polciies control immigration, absorb migrants into society and eal with increased ethnic and cultural diversity
Immigration policies have become interlinked to national security and anti terrorism
Describe assimilationism
First state policy approach to immigration aimed at encouraging immigrants to adopt the language values and customs the host culture to make them like us
Transational migrants with hybrid identities may not be willing to abadon their culture
Describe multiculturalism
Accepts that migrants wish to retain separate cultural identity however this may be limited due to more superficial aspects of cultural diversity
Eriken
Shallow diversity - Chicken tikka masala as Britains national dish is acceptable
Deep diversity - arranged marraiges isn’t acceptable
What di ciritcs say about shallow diveristy
Multicultural education policies celebrate is while fail to address deeper problems facing children from migrant backgrounds like racism
Describe a divided working class
Assimilationsist ideas encourage wrlers to blame migrants for social problems ie unemployment resulting in racism scapegoating
Castles and Kosak - benefits capitalism by dividing WC and preventing united action in defence of their intersts
What does Castles argue
Assimilationslist policies are counter productive as they mark out minority group as “other” eading to responses by emphasising their difference increasing hosts suscpiciion of them as the enemy within promoting anti terrorism polices that target them
What does a gloablised economy mean?
Migrants have more links to other migrants around the world than their origin
Eriksen - Chinese migrants in Romen who found Mandarin more useful than italisn as it was important for global connections with Chinese in other countries
