globalisation and culture (l1,2and3)

Question 1

culture

Answer 1

norms and values, rules and traditions of a society

Question 2

high culture

Answer 2

• cultural products, mainly in the arts, held in the highest esteem
• associated with elite groups such as the aristocracy or intelligentsia
• regarded as something: special to be treated with respect, of lasting value, that can often be found in special places such as museums and theatres

Question 3

popular culture

Answer 3

• mainstream, widely available products
• made on a large scale for ordinary people
• unchallenging entertainment that requires little critcial thought - accessible to everyone
• commercialised, not long-lasting

Question 4

folk culture

Answer 4

-the craft skills and art of ordinary people which developed in the past, before the existence of mass media
-seen as creative and worthy of respect because it has been created by ordinary people for their own use

Question 5

strinati (postmodernist)

Answer 5

• Distinction between high and popular culture is becoming blurred
• in a postmodern society, we are seeing new cultural products based on the combination of high and popukar cultures e.g hollywood’s Romeo and Juliet
• internet has made high culture available online for free —-> leading to more choice for consumers

Question 6

evaluation of postmodernists

Answer 6

• unfair to say as humans we are unaware of what is reality and what is not
• we all react to media saturated world differently - many older don’t have a smartphone so doesn’t impact everyone equally

Question 7

pluralist view on popular and high culture

Answer 7

• argue that there is no longer such thing as mass culture
• global reach of modern technology all offer a huge range of media products.

Question 8

evaluation of the pluralist view

Answer 8

• ignores the extent in which cocalisation has occurred forcing western culture on other individuals
• not everyone is able to access these goods e.g nike is advertised in poor areas of the worlds

Question 9

critical view

Answer 9

-globalisation of popular culture is of great advantage to the media owners who gain profits from exporting and advertising their products across the globe
-led to a decline in the quality of media products

Question 10

evaluation of the critical view

Answer 10

evaluation of the plualist view also applies
- social media is giving a wider range of people a voice

Question 11

media saturated society

Answer 11

we constantly use the media in our daily lives: at work, home, going out, when on the move

Question 12

baudrillard (postmodernist)

Answer 12

-popular culture and media images dominate our sense of reality
- our knowledge of the world increasingly comes from the media rather than direct first hand experience

Question 13

baudrillard pt2

Answer 13

• the media presents audiences with simulacra
• the presence of simulacra creates hyperreality

Question 14

simulacra

Answer 14

images that have been created or modified by the media. we then treat these as if they are real

Question 15

hyperreality

Answer 15

a hyperreal society is one where media images and reality blur

Question 16

points of evaluation for postmodernists

Answer 16

• ignores the continuing importance of economic circumstances that affect the creation of identities
• evidence of bias in the media which is not addressed e.g marxism
• does not see the negative sides of media culture
• the idea that the mass media takes over ‘reality’ clearly exaggerates their importance
  + acknowledges the audience as having free-will : people are not dummies but actively interpret the media

Question 17

globalisation

Answer 17

the increasing interconnectedness of countries across the world

Question 18

mcluhan

Answer 18

• we now have a ‘global village’ in which rapid technological change has led to space and time barriers in human communication to collapse
• people around the world can now communicate instantaneously on a global scale

Question 19

sklair

Answer 19

• media blurs differences between entertainment, information, and promotion of products
• it then sells across the world ideas, values and products associated with what is presented as an idealised Western lifestyle

Question 20

ritzer

Answer 20

• companies use the transnational media to promote products on a global scale, making their logos known to everyone
• this promotes a global culture and consumerist lifestyle

Question 21

fenton

Answer 21

most media conglomerates are based in the Us, and dominate media communications. makes it easier to spread Western culture

Question 22

cocacolanization

Answer 22

process whereby american films and music help to fuels the sales of coca cola (and other brands) around the world

Question 23

media imperialism

Answer 23

idea that western media is becoming popular around the world, and is becoming more important than local media.
media imperialism is said to create cultural imperialism

Question 24

cultural imperialism

Answer 24

the idea that Western culture is taking over and undermining local culture