globalisation and crime

Question 1

define globalisation

Answer 1

Globalisation refers to the increasing interconnectedness of societies

Question 2

explain the global criminal economy

Answer 2

there is increasing interconnectedness of crime across national borders

Globalisation creates new opportunities for crime, new means of committing crime and new offences

Question 3

what is a transnational organised crime

Answer 3

organised crime coordinated across national borders, involving groups working in more than one country to plan and execute criminal activity

Question 4

examples of TOCs

Answer 4

-Smuggling of illegal immigrants
-Trafficking in women and children > linked to prostitution and slavery
-Trafficking in body parts
-Cyber crimes
-Green crimes > illegal dumping, toxic waste
-International terrorism
-drug smuggling
-Money laundering

Question 5

AO2 human trafficking

Answer 5

Human- trafficking is the illegal movement and smuggling of people for a variety of purposes:
- Organ trafficking
- Prostitution
- Forced labour/ slavery

The national crime agency in 2014 estimated there were as many as 13,000 people in Britain who were victims of slavery, prostitution, domestic staff

Question 6

define cyber crime

Answer 6

cyber crime refers to a wide range of criminal acts committed with the help of communication and information technology, predominantly the internet.

Question 7

examples of cyber crime

Answer 7

-Internet-based fraud e.g. Nigerian princess/letter scam

-Child pornography

-Terrorist website and networking

-Cyber trespass e.g. hacking

-Global cyber-crime e.g. difficult to police as it is global as well as police deeming it a low priority

Question 8

AO2 cyber crime: terrorism

Answer 8

In 2015 there were major concerns about the way ISIS was using social media to advertise and spread its message globally > this allowed them to recruit people to plan terrorist attacks in Western countries

Question 9

AO1 supply and demand

Answer 9

the global criminal economy could not function without a supplier that provides the source of drugs, sex workers and other good and services demanded in the west

eg: Third world drug-producing countries such as Columbia, Peru and Afghanistan have large populations of impoverished people.

Question 10

issues with investigating

Answer 10

Sociologists are over-reliant on secondary sources such as Interpol and Europol which may exaggerate the problem just to secure extra funding

It is difficult to measure

There is no accurate way in which the value or cost of global crime can be estimated

Primary sociological research into global crime is likely to be dangerous

There is an issue with how global crime can be defined

hard to establish where the crime has taken place or which country should deal with the offence

Question 11

Explain Globalisation Risk Consciousness

Answer 11

globalisation produces a new mentality of ‘risk consciousness’
eg: increased net migration means people want to ‘protect the borders’
leads to more border control

Question 12

how postmodernism increases global risk consciousness