Globalisation

Question 1

Globalisation refers to the ____, in the political, economic, cultural and social realms, of nation-states, peoples, businesses and individuals on a worldwide basis.

Answer 1

interconnectedness and interdependence

Question 2

Economic globalisation refers to the growing importance of ____ networks of production, consumption, trade and finance.

Answer 2

transnational

Question 3

The exposure to economic ____ from globalisation have had great implications for NZ.

Answer 3

pressures

Question 4

One such consequence has been an increase in economic ____, in that the wealthy have benefited from globalisation while the poor have suffered as a result.

Answer 4

inequality

Question 5

This essay will discuss ways in which ____ has effected low-income NZers.

Answer 5

economic globalisation

Question 6

Firstly, economic globalisation has caused a reduction in employment availability and income for many ____ class people of NZ.

Answer 6

working

Question 7

One of the key features of economic globalisation is the ____ corporation.

Answer 7

transnational

Question 8

These mega companies are not bound to one geographical place, nor are they constrained within one ____; they exist across many such nation-states and at many locations.

Answer 8

nation-state

Question 9

One of the benefits for such corporations is the ability to ____ work and production to the most cost-effective region.

Answer 9

outsource

Question 10

Often these cost effective production sites are in ____ countries, even though the goods may be for developed countries.

Answer 10

developing

Question 11

For NZ workers this has meant a loss of jobs to off-shore companies, as the now transnational companies, that were once NZ based, seek to find ____ sources of production.

Answer 11

cheaper

Question 12

Or, alternatively, NZ based companies that are yet unable to take advantage of off-shore production are forced to reduce production costs in NZ by ____ wages paid to workers, through wages cuts or reduced work hours, or automating once manual processes.

Answer 12

reducing

Question 13

Another consequence related to this has been the loss of confidence in ____ employment.

Answer 13

long-term

Question 14

The ____ concept that was once prevalent in NZ has been replaced by uncertainty and frequent changes of employment by workers seeking better opportunities.

Answer 14

job-for-life

Question 15

Secondly, for those experiencing poverty and unemployment, economic globalisation has caused a ____ in assistance available from the welfare state.

Answer 15

reduction

Question 16

The recent ____ governments of NZ, 1980-2005, have taken a harder line on welfare provision (McClelland, 2006).

Answer 16

Neo-Liberal

Question 17

These government have met ____ pressure to sell state-held assets and to reduce taxes.

Answer 17

global

Question 18

This has resulted in a reduction of the available funds for ____ provision.

Answer 18

welfare

Question 19

Those most affected by this are those who receive ____ (including sickness and domestic purposes benefits), housing assistance, and child-care support.

Answer 19

pensions or unemployment benefits

Question 20

This has led to a low-income ____ over the past three decades, due to the increased number of people on benefits and cuts in the available funds for benefits, while incomes of the wealthy have risen sharply over that same period (Rashbrooke, 2014).

Answer 20

stagnation

Question 21

One of the major polices to address these issues was a strong emphasis on ____, where the unemployed person was required to attend training and/or menial type labour tasks in order to receive their benefit.

Answer 21

work incentives

Question 22

But this is effectively only giving people skills in unqualified labour for jobs that don’t actually exist, however, some assisted ____ have been and still are effective, such as Workbridge.

Answer 22

work schemes

Question 23

An unintended outcome of this policy, and the ensuing inequality, has been to create a ____ and social exclusion between low-income families and those of a more comfortable income, but further and more pointedly, between the unemployed and the employed.

Answer 23

social divide

Question 24

There has been a shift from seeing unemployment as a temporary and unfortunate state that is soon to be remedied and to now seeing it as a ____ of the unemployed person who is now failing to contribute to the good of the nation, and has, in fact, become a burden to it.

Answer 24

personal failing

Question 25

Inequality is not a new phenomenon in NZ, it has always been present in relation to wealth, gender, ethnicity and so on, but the ____ of economic globalisation is relatively new.

Answer 25

inequality

Question 26

However, NZ policy makers are aware of it and are attempting to address the issue with ____ politics.

Answer 26

‘third way’

Question 27

This is an approach that tries to combine and compress the polar opposites of left- and right-wing conservatives into a more ____ approach that will yield the most benefit to the most effected.

Answer 27

homogenous

Question 28

One outcome of this, and a preparation for future change, is the notion of ____, which increases the size of representation in parliament, but opens it up to more diverse groups.

Answer 28

MMP

Question 29

Under this system it is very unlikely to have a ____ government and therefore coalitions become necessary.

Answer 29

majority

Question 30

Under a coalition government parties must negotiate with others to form a stable government which generally includes the compromising and aligning of pre-election policies, with the benefit of such compromise going to those most in need of ____.

Answer 30

social justice