Crime Flashcards
Crime is a complex phenomena and that is it is a ______ and therefore reliant upon social norms and as a result laws changed to suit the times.
social construct
I once read that crime is a position of privilege, in that the ____ create the laws and oversee their enforcement while also avoiding their impact.
privileged
Along this theme, crime in NZ is clearly correlated to both ____ and ____ and disadvantages the underprivileged.
class and ethnicity
Crime in NZ is disproportionately the domain of the ____ and those of ____ decent, while the European descendant middle and upper classes seem less represented in criminal statistics.
underprivileged and those of Maori decent
There are a number of ____ reasons for this imbalance and responses have been put in place in an attempt to address issues that perpetuate crime in these target groups.
statistically proven
This essay will consider two observations that highlight the ____ of criminal conviction in poorer classes and Maori people respectively, and outline one intervention used to address such.
disproportionality
It is universally accepted that there is a strong correlation between ____; in NZ crime tends to be committed by poor people (Quince, 2007).
poverty and criminal offending
According to one criminologist, Nixon (1990), people break the law because they belong to a ____ where law-breaking occurs.
social group
Theories of ____ state that crime is not simply the result of poverty but due also to the complex interactions of a number of social process, including lawmaking policies and law enforcement practices, among others.
deprivation
This means that certain groups are ____ not just they commit more crime, but because they are subject to over-surveillance.
over-criminalised
In NZ this means that those in a ____ group are not only more susceptible to being drawn into crime for the purpose of survival, betterment or agitation.
low socio-economic
But further, that suburbs of known poverty are assigned more ____ and police are more vigilant and willing to stop those who appear to be of a low socio-economic group thereby creating a higher arrest and conviction rate among these groups.
police
However, this does not necessarily reflect that there is less crime in other socio-economic groups, just that those are not ____ to the same degree.
apprehended
There is also a strong correlation between ____ and rates of offending (Quince, 2007).
ethnicity
In NZ recorded rates of conviction for Maori are ____ times higher than those for non-Maori and there is statistical evidence to show a trend in Maori of serious habitual offending (Fergusson, et al., 2003).
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