Globalisation Flashcards
What is the definition of globalisation
The increase interconnectedness of the world
What are the 4 types of globalisation
Economic changes
Political changes
Cultural changes
Technological changes
How has globalisation impacted education
Cross culture learning and learning different cultures through national curriculum
Exam boards being privatised
Competition between countries with league tables - Rishi Sunak trying to continue studying of maths and English
Universities work on a global scale and provide outreach programmes
International laws and treaties
What are the 4 features of a modern society
Nation-state
Capitalism
Rationality, science and technology
Individualism
What is a nation-state
Key political unit in modern society
Abounded territory ruled by a powerful centralised state
World made of separate societies
What is capitalism
Economic system for modern society
Nation state regulates it
Based on private ownership
What is meant by rationality, science and technology as a feature of a modern society
Ways of thinking that dominate and cause religious thinking to decline
What is individualism
Traditional, custom and ascribed status becomes less important and more choice
Class still important as it restricts choice
What are some technological changes that have occurred due to globalisation
Transportation has advanced and become more accessible
Media means increased communication
‘Risk society’ created
What are some economic changes that have occurred due to globalisation
Increased accessibility to products/ increased consumption, production of media and data processing
TNC’s
Electronic economy
Money never sleeps
Contributes to risk society
What are some political changes that have occurred due to globalisation
Undermines power of nation-state
Live in a borderless world
What are some cultural changes that have occurred due to globalisation
Mass media brings to light other cultures
Global culture - western
TNC’s selling same consumer goods all around the world - dress the same
Movement of tourists and migrants
How has globalisation impacted crime
Increase interconnectedness of crime across national boarders
Transnational organised crime
Global criminal economy worth over £1 trillion per annum
Arms trafficking, sex tourism, trafficking in nuclear materials
What are the three perspectives on globalisation
Optimists
Pessimists
Traditionalists
What do optimists believe about globalisation
‘Globalisation is happening and its a good thing
Right winged
Globalisation associated with global capitalism - free market economy - view this as positive
Whole world adopting western model in culture, politics and economy
What do the pessimists believe about globalisation
‘Globalisation is happening ad it is a bad thing’
Acknowledges same patterns and trends but view it negatively
Left winged
Global spread of free market - undesirable - increase exploitation poverty and environmental damage
Argue optimists are ideological - part of an attempt to force an unjust system on people by saying it is inevitable
What do traditionalist believe about globalisation
‘Something is happening but it is not new or significant’
Based on historical events and evidence
Globalisation is not new but a continuation of the past
Has been exaggerated
What is Americanisation
Not globalisation, different countries just copy America
What do Optimists think about cultural globalisation
Increased cultural diversity - increase movement of migrants contribute to diversity and fusion, more tolerance and respect
Increase choice and Pick n mic - to construct our own identities, Strinati - online platforms burr lines between high and popular culture - provide cultural capital
What do Pessimists think about cultural globalisation
Increased conflict- between cultures cause division, fears that British culture is being diluted may fuel ‘Little Englandism’ and increase hate crimes
Undermines traditional sources of identity - decrease in wc communities due to factories moving to developing countries
Resulted in lost localised and traditional cultures - TNCs sell same consumer good worldwide
Intensified capitalism - increased poverty and inequalities
What do Traditionalists think about cultural gloablisation
Curriculum remains ethnocentric - given opportunity to learn new cultures but remains same as pre-globalisation
Traditional cultures still exist - many reject westernisation
What do optimists think about political globalisation
Society has progressed through increase communication between leaders:
WHO, NATO, ECHR
What do pessimists think about political globalisation
Ohame: TNCs have more power than national governments economically - boarderless world
Global organisations hold too much power and undermine national governments
Lash and Urry: ‘Disorganised capitalism’ states have less power to regulate activities of laege capitalist enterprises
What do traditionalists think about political globalisation
Reject political globalisation - BREXIT - want own power
Rise of far right parties - show increase in nationalism
Not all countries involved in cooperation - Russia separate from ECHR
What do optimists think about economic globalisation
Easier to access and move money - online banking
Tourism helps boost economy
What do pessimists think about economic globalisation
Risk society (Beck) - threats come from human made decisions, electric economy
More economy inequalities - TNCs own a huge % of wealth ‘ separate global capitalists class’ (marx)
Increases chance of wide spread economic crashes
What do traditionalists think about economic globalisation
Make own financial decision as a country and choose to leave trade agreements
UK retained its own currency
What do optimists think about technological globalisation
Contributes to awareness of global issues - social media highlights inequalities
Helps people have freedom over their identity
Time-space compression - closed distance between people e.g facetime, social media
What do pessimists think about technological globalisation
Risk society - GHG, Riots, Radicalisation on a global level
What do traditionalists think about technological globalisation
Digital divide - decrease economically developed countries have not experience advancements in technology
