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Geography H > Globalisation > Flashcards

Globalisation Flashcards

1
Q

What is globalisation

A

the process by which people their culture money good and info can be transferred between countries

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2
Q

three types of globalisation

A

Political, Social, Economic

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3
Q

Shrinking world definition

A

the world is becoming theoretically closer due to the increase in trade and therefore globalisation

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4
Q

Concepts increasing shrinking world
(8)

A

internet, fibre optics, containerisation, steam ships, mobile phones, mobile banking, jet aircraft, telegraph

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5
Q

containerisation how and why its been improved

A

each container same size and shape to trading off becomes easier as each partner knows the capacity of its good receiving, helping to improve speed of trade for globalisation

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6
Q

players definition

A

anyone with a vested interest or involvement with a particular process or event

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7
Q

1930s key players

A

global economic shut down free trade into protectionism and economic were shattered
1944 43 countries met so this would not happen again

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8
Q

Tariff

A

a tax placed on goods that are imported from other countries

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9
Q

Quotas

A

a limit placed on the number of goods that are imported from other countries

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10
Q

Embargos

A

a ban placed on certain goods imported from other countries

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11
Q

Subsides

A

a sum of money grantee by the government to help an industry or business keep the price of goods low

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12
Q

Barriers to trade (4)

A

Tarrif, quota, embargo, subsides.

discourage trade and encourage protectionism

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13
Q

Trading blocs

A

countries which group together to improve their economic interests and trading patterns

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14
Q

trade blocs (2)

A

ASEAN, European union

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15
Q

ASEAN

A

association of south-east asian nations, 10 countries, formed in 1967, combined gdp of $3.6tn

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16
Q

European union

A

27 countries, formed in 1993, gdp of $19tn, free trade zone, free migration,

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17
Q

advantage of trade blocs

A

removes intra community trade, producers focus on what there good at making, smaller nations merge with tncs

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18
Q

Disadvantages of trade blocs

A

loss of sovereignty, interdependence(example oil problem, one problem has knock on effect)

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19
Q

IMF

A

international monetary fund, 1944, supporting economic policies that promote financial stability and monetary cooperation essential to increase productivity and job creation

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20
Q

World bank

A

1944, 187 countries, reduce poverty by lending money to members to help improve their economies by building schools, facilities and medical centres

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21
Q

WTO

A

world trade organisation, 1995, governments can negotiate trade agreements and all major decisions made by the membership as a whole

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22
Q

What is offshoring

A

Off loading ur business onto another country taking advantage of cheap labour

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23
Q

Offshoring example

A

Royal Dutch shell has headquarters in uk and Netherlands

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24
Q

What is free market liberalisation

A

Restrictions being lifted on how companies and banks operate

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25
Q

What is Open door policy

A

the economic policy initiated by Deng Xiaoping in 1978 to open China to foreign businesses that wanted to invest in the country.

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26
Q

Open door china facts

A

Foreign TCS are allowed to invest in some sectors of chinas domestic market, china agreed to export more rare earth materials

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27
Q

Closed door china facts

A

Social media platforms have little to no access to chinas market, only 34 foreign films shown in cinema each year

28
Q

Two ways of measuring globalisation

A

AT Kearney index, KOF index

29
Q

The KOF index

A

Looks at three aspects of globalisation and a series of variables to convert each one substituting any missing data, into a score out of 100

30
Q

A.T Kearney index

A

Four main indicators; political engagement, technological connectivity, personal contact and economic integration

31
Q

How do TNCs influence globalisation

A

Using global production networks
New places to do businesses
Global products more local

32
Q

What is a TNC

A

Trans national company that has operations in more than one country
Grown by buying up foreign firms in merges and acquisitions, link countries together through production of goods

33
Q

Why the uneven spread of TNCs.

A

Not all places are suitable for production for example accessibility or natural resources

34
Q

Global production network

A

A TNC manages its GPN like a manager of a football team

250 countries in production for a mini, engine form Brazil.

35
Q

Glocalisation

A

Adapting the goods or services of a business to increase the consumer appeal in different countries, commonly used for religious or cultural differences
E.g BMW make right hand drive for uk

36
Q

Outsourcing

A

When a TNC contracts another company to produce the goods and services they need rather than do it themselves, complex supply chain.

37
Q

What is global shift

A

A significant economic shift in centre of gravity from west to Asia, lots of manufacturing has been moved to Asia

38
Q

Why has global shift occurred

A

Asian nations allowed in TNCs(open door)
Cheap labour
Outsourcing
High populations

39
Q

Costs and benefits of economic growth

A

Benefits, poverty reduction, improvement in education and training
Costs, loss of productive land, pollution and health problems, pressure on resources

40
Q

What’s the case study for rural to urban migration

A

Mumbai.

41
Q

What is deindustrialisation

A

Process of social and economic change cause by the removal of reduction of industrial capacity or activity in a country or region

42
Q

What was the cause for uks deindustrialisation

A

Margret thatcher came into power and wanted to promote economic shift so shut down coal factories, these powered factories so all was eventually shut down

43
Q

What loss did the workers in factories feel after deinstitutionalisation

A

Money, manufacturing has 12% more pay to an equivalent tertiary job, this means there skills wouldn’t get them as good as pay.

44
Q

Deindustrialisation case study??

A

Red car

45
Q

Trade flow from south to north

A

Primary goods, raw materials, food
E.g, Africa to Europe

46
Q

Trade flow north to south

A

Manufactured products and services
E.g Europe to India

47
Q

What’s switched off mean

A

Detached, Not being globalised and very independent and isolated

48
Q

Core countries

A

Canada, Austrália, UK Spain

49
Q

Semi periphery

A

India, South Africa, Brazil

50
Q

Periphery countries

A

Russia and majority of Africa

51
Q

What’s a core country?

A

Owns and consumes 80% of goods and services, IMF world bank, most global investment

52
Q

What’s a periphery?

A

Owns and consumes 20% of global goods despite having 75% global population
Lower income
Very few global economy decisions

53
Q

What’s a global city

A

Defined not by number but by influence

54
Q

What’s a million city

A

A city with over a million residents

55
Q

What’s a megalopolis

A

A chain of roughly adjacent metrapolion areas, in one specific country

56
Q

What’s a super city

A

A vast urban area, often got several smaller cities

57
Q

3 stages of concern for globalisation

A

Progressive/cautious/resistance acceptance of new diaspora or immigrant cultures

58
Q

Melting pot (hybridism)

A

Positive view of American culture as organic or hybrid, it adopts and absorbs new migrant values

59
Q

Pluralism

A

EU nations tolerate equal rights for all migrants to practice their religious and cultural beliefs

60
Q

‘Citizenship’ testing

A

Uk rules for migrants are becoming stricter in reaction to popular concerns over immigration

61
Q

Assimilation

A

A belief that minority traits should dissaborear as immigrants adopt host values

62
Q

Internet censorship

A

Preventing citizens from learning about other global viewpoint using online sources e.g china

63
Q

Religious intolerance

A

Notably lower levels of religious freedom for minority groups exist in some places e.g Iran

64
Q

Closed doos migration

A

Stopping any immigration altogether for fears of cultural dilution e.g Cambodia

65
Q

Cultural diffusion

A

The spread of one culture to another by various means, globalisation has lead to increased cultural diffusion and the development of a sort of global culture

66
Q

Cultural diffusion positives and negatives

A

+ American society used to sterilise disabled people but after ww2 war veterans were appreciated and the Paralympic’s influenced disabled acceptance
- China is becoming fatter as American food make sits way into their society, 5kg-50kg of meat a year
- All the meat consumed means the cows need feeding meaning soy needs growing and so deforestation of the amazon occurs

Geography H (3 decks)

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