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Geography paper 2 case studies > Globalisation > Flashcards

Globalisation Flashcards

1
Q

What was an effect that the Tohoku tsunami had on the UK?

A

Staff at a Honda factory in Swindon had to work 2 day weeks due to parts shortages.

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2
Q

When was the trans-Atlantic telegraph cable set up?

A

The 1860s

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3
Q

How much does it cost to ship an iPhone from China to the UK

A

£1

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4
Q

What % of the world’s population has access to the internet?

A

66%

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5
Q

What does the world bank do?

A

Lends money with the purpose of funding economic development and reducing poverty.

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6
Q

In 2014 how much did the world bank loan the Philippines and what for?

A

470 million USD for a poverty reduction programme

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7
Q

What does the World bank require borrowers to do to secure a loan?

A

Adopt trade liberalisation policies and adopt a structural adjustment programme

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8
Q

What is the AIIB?

A

The Chinese-led Asian infrastructure investment bank

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9
Q

Why might some developing countries seek loans from the AIIB as opposed to the World Bank?

A

It doesn’t impose the same requirements to secure a loan as the world bank does.

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10
Q

In 2010 how much money did China Loan?

A

110 billion USD

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11
Q

How does the World Bank promote globalisation?

A

It allows developing countries to develop deeper ties with the global economy

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12
Q

Why is the World Bank subject to criticism?

A

It’s policies sometimes put economic development before social development

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13
Q

What is the IMF?

A

The international monetary fund.

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14
Q

What are the main aims of the IMF?

A

To encourage global monetary co-operation, reduce poverty and promote sustainable economic growth

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15
Q

What is the IMF’s main function?

A

To monitor global economic trends and provide short-term loans to countries with balance of payment issues.

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16
Q

What are the successes of the IMF?

A

Hong Kong, South Korea, and Taiwan have all been opened up to trade and many people now live above the poverty line thanks to the IMF.

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17
Q

Why doesn’t the IMF threaten sovereignty?

A

Countries have a choice as to whether or not they accept a loan and its conditions from the IMF

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18
Q

What is a shortcoming of the IMF with respect to voting procedure?

A

The number of votes a country has is linked to financial contribution to the fund.

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19
Q

How much of the IMF’s vote share is owned by the US and the EU

A

18% to the US and 31% to the EU.

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20
Q

What is a shortcoming of the IMF with regards to the economics it promotes?

A

High interest rates on the loans can trap countries in a poverty cycle as large amounts of the GDP are used to repay the loans.

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21
Q

What are SAPs?

A

Structural adjustment programmes, these dictate how the loans are allowed to be spent, undermining sovereignty.

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22
Q

How can SAPs cause problems to employment rates?

A

They can cause a country’s economy to become liberalised too quickly.

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23
Q

What year was the British Airports Authority privatised?

A

1987

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24
Q

What % of Heathrow airport is owned by the Saudis?

A

10

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25
What is the world trade organisation?
An IGO that facilitates trade and promote trade liberalisation.
26
How many members are there of the WTO?
160 member states.
27
What are the main functions of the WTO?
To enforce agreements made by member nations and provide a forum for trade negotiations and settlement of trade disputes.
28
What % of the world's trade is through the WTO?
98%
29
What are the main principles of the WTO?
Tax and Tariff free trade making it accessible to all nations.
30
What is the EU?
An organisation advocating for free movement of workers and services between countries.
31
How many countries are in the EU?
27
32
What financial support can countries get from the EU?
EU structural funds to help develop economies.
33
What is ASEAN?
The association of south east Asian nations a trading block.
34
How many member states are there in ASEAN?
10
35
What year was ASEAN founded?
1967
36
What does ASEAN work towards?
Promotes collaboration, economic social and cultural development, and peace and stability in the region.
37
How is ASEAN expected to develop?
Expected to develop into the ASEAN economic community allowing free movement of labour and capital similar to the EU.
38
What was China like before 1978
China was isolated and switched off from globalisation.
39
What happened in China in 1978?
The open door policy caused agricultural communes to be dismantled and allowed farmers to make a small profit.
40
Over the 30 years after 1978 how many people migrated from rural areas of China?
300 million.
41
In 1980 what was set up in China?
4 SEZs in Shenzhen, Zuhai, Shantou, and Xiamen were set up.
42
How did the SEZs in China attract FDI and businesses?
Offered tax incentives.
43
What were the benefits of the Open door policy?
400 million people were lifted out of poverty and infrastructure saw development.
44
What were the negatives of the open door policy?
economic inequality as 30 million still lived in poverty.
45
How much FDI did China receive in 1994 and what was this as a % of GDP?
33.8 bn USD and 6% of GDP
46
How much of China's exports do SEZs account for?
60%
47
What is North Korea in relation to Globalisation?
Switched off from it.
48
What political system does North Korea have?
Communist dictatorship.
49
How is North Korea switched off from globalisation?
Ordinary citizens do not have access to the internet as no underseas data cables.
50
What are the KOF scores for North and South Korea respectively?
North Korea is unranked by the KOF index and South Korea has a score of 73.1/100
51
What is the North Korean ideology contributing to its lack of globalisation?
Juche self-reliance
52
Why is the Sahel region switched off from globalisation?
Die to mis-management of natural resources as well as many countries there lack coastline.
53
Why does the environment in the Sahel make FDI less desirable?
Infrastructure costs more due to the extreme conditions and global brands do not yet view the region as a viable market.
54
By 2075 how large is India's economy expected to be?
The second largest economy in the world
55
What is the main way that India has been successful through globalisation?
Through the outsourcing of services like customer support.
56
What factors made India suitable for outsourcing?
Many Indian citizens are fluent in English due to the colonial history.
57
What are the disadvantages of outsourcing in India?
The economic inequality has worsened, India has more billionaires than the UK but also has more people living in absolute poverty than all of Africa.
58
What are the benefits of outsourcing in India?
Workers earn good middle class wages by Indian standards and Indian outsourcing companies are very profitable.
59
How has China benefitted from Globalisation?
Has been able to take advantage of the outsourcing of manufacturing.
60
Why is China well suited to manufacturing?
Has a very large work force.
61
What is the average wage of a Chinese steel worker compared to one in the US?
$12,000 vs $51,000
62
What % of the world's coal is burned in China?
Around 50%
63
From 1990-2005 how did China's poverty rate change?
Fell from 60% to 16%
64
What are the costs of outsourcing manufacturing to China?
Dangerously high levels of air pollution and in 2021 over 30,000 production safety accidents.
65
How much has the population of Mumbai increased since 1970?
The population of Mumbai has doubled.
66
What factors draw people to Mumbai?
There is employment in a range of economic sectors.
67
What signs of globalisation are there in Mumbai?
Hilton hotels and Starbucks operate in the area.
68
How do wealthy people influence Mumbai?
Their spending drives up housing prices in affluent areas.
69
What are the negatives of the rapid growth of Mumbai?
There is lots of slum housing there.
70
What is the population of Mumbai?
21.7 million people
71
Where in the UK has elite migration taken place and who is migrating?
Russian Oligarchs are migrating to Chelsea in London.
72
Why is it easy for oligarchs to get visas?
If they have £2 million in an investment fund they are eligible for a tier 1 investment visa.
73
What are the positives of the oligarchs migrating to London?
They invest in local businesses, they hire staff in their houses, and they send their children to private schools.
74
What are the negatives of the oligarchs migrating to London?
They drive up the prices of housing for natives, money they generate in the UK may be remittances, and they can cause social tension.
75
How much property did Russian oligarchs buy in London in 2016?
£1.5 billion worth
76
How many Indian migrant live in the UAE?
2 million
77
How much of the UAE's labour force is foreign?
99%
78
How much is sent home annually from the UAE?
$15 billion.
79
What industries do most migrants work in the UAE?
Transport, construction, and manufacturing.
80
What did traditional diets consist of in Asia?
Often low in meat and high in vegetables.
81
What is causing Asian diets to change?
The spread of westernisation.
82
Within a decade how did China's meat consumption per capita increase?
Went from 5kg to 50kg
83
How has western culture positively impacted the world?
It has improved opportunities for disadvantaged groups.
84
What is an example of better opportunities for disabled people due to westernisation?
The paralympics is one of the world's biggest sporting events and celebrates the achievements of disabled individuals.
85
Give an example where globalisation has caused cultural erosion.
The Korowai tribe in Indonesia
86
How has globalisation affected the Korowai's lifestyle?
The traditionally lived in wooden longhouses on stilts but were encouraged to move into villages and now live in brick houses with corrugated steel roofs.
87
How has globalisation affected the Korowai's customs?
They used to cannibalise captures members of other tribes as a punishment but no longer do this.
88
How has globalisation affected the Korowai's relationships?
Christian missionaries came leading to less people practicing polygamy and levirate marriage. Enforcement of Indonesian law has eliminated slavery from inter-clan raids.
89
How has globalisation caused political tension in Europe?
A rise in anti-immigration parties such as UKIP, the Front national, and the Freedom party of Austria.
90
How have China and North Korea control the spread of globalisation?
The internet is banned in North Korea and is partly censored in China.
91
How have the UK and Australia attempted to control immigration?
The UK and Australia have points based immigration system in an attempt to only let in skilled workers.
92
What is operation sovereign borders?
An Australian border protection operation aimed at limiting the number of illegal immigrants coming to Australia.
93
What happens to illegal immigrants under operation sovereign borders?
They are deported to offshore processing centres to process any asylum claims.
94
How is cultural identity being retained in Canada?
The first assembly of the first nations promotes the rights and needs of first nations at a national level.
95
How are first nation cultures and traditions being preserved in Canada?
There are about 100 First nation and Inuit education centres funded by the Canadian government.
96
What is Transition Network?
An NGO that encourages towns to grow their own food in community garden rather than importing it.
97
What do towns like Exeter, Stroud, and Totnes have in common?
They have their own local currencies to encourage local trade.
98
What is keep Britain Tidy?
An NGO set up in 1954 that encourages households to recycle and for firms to reduce packaging or use recyclable packaging.
99
How many countries does Samsung operate in?
74
100
How many employees does Samsung have?
287,000
101
How many stores does Samsung have worldwide?
over 3,000
102
In 2020 how many phones did Samsung sell?
253 million

Geography paper 2 case studies (4 decks)

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