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Geography paper 2 case studies > Diverse places > Flashcards

Diverse places Flashcards

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1
Q

What is London’s population and population density?

A

8.8 million in 2022, 5,598/km^2

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2
Q

What is London’s demographic like?

A

Median age is 36, 53% White, 21% Asian, 13.5% Black.

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2
Q

What was the British Nationality act 1948?

A

Gave UK citizenship to people from the Commonwealth.

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3
Q

What changes were brought by the Commonwealth immigration act 1962?

A

Restricted commonwealth immigration to the UK only those with work permits could come.

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4
Q
A
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5
Q

What is the population density of the constituent countries in the UK?

A

England 420/km^2, Scotland 67/km^2, Wales 150/km^2, Northern Ireland 130/km^2

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6
Q

Why does Scotland have the lowest population density?

A

Fewer employment opportunities and a less hospitable climate.

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7
Q

Why does England have the highest population density?

A

Warmer climate in the South and has far more employment opportunities.

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7
Q

How did Urban areas change in the 30-50s?

A

Little investment due to war leading to decline and dereliction.

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8
Q

How did Urban areas change in the 60s?

A

Economic boom and industrialisation occurred, immigrants moved into inner city areas, and suburbs started developing.

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9
Q

How did Urban areas change in the 70s?

A

Inner city terraced housing got demolished and replaced with high-rise flats.

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10
Q

How did Urban areas change in the 80s?

A

De-industrialisation occurred resulting in counter-urbanisation.

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11
Q

How did Urban areas change in the 90s?

A

Poor quality high rise flats that were built in the 70s were demolished, the suburbs continued to grow and out of town shopping centres began to develop.

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12
Q

How did Urban areas change in the 00s?

A

Suburbanisation continues, immigration from the EU increases diversity in urban areas, and the recession cause high streets to decline.

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13
Q

How did Urban areas change in the 10s?

A

London house prises increased, initiatives put in place to attract people, investment, and businesses back to the inner city.

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14
Q

How have rural settlements changed over time?

A

Used to consist of farms and farm services but have now become dormitory settlements and commuter villages.

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15
Q

What influenced the decline of rural settlements?

A

Automation resulting in less farm workers being needed, recreational opportunities in urban areas.

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16
Q

What factors contribute to the ageing population in rural areas?

A

Rural and Coastal areas are popular places for Retirement for example Deal

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17
Q

What factors contribute to increased ethnic diversity in rural areas?

A

International migrants come to work in agriculture and food processing such as in Boston

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18
Q

What is ethnic diversity like in Boston?

A

23.6% foreign born 5.6% Lithuanian, 5.4% Polish.

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19
Q

What signs of ethnic diversity are there in London?

A

Banglatown in Brick Lane, Chinatown in Soho, and Notting hill carnival.

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20
Q

What is the population structure fo St Albans like?

A

37% of the population is between 30-35, large bulge between 0-18 as many families with children, undercut between 18-22 as students move away for uni or employment.

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21
Q

What is the population structure of north Norfolk like?

A

9% 80+, 18.2% 65-75, and only 4.3% 0-5

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22
Q

What % of residents in Tottenham were born in the UK?

A

48%

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23
Q

What is the ethnic composition of Tottenham?

A

22% white British, 27% other white, 51% non white.

24
Q

How many people in Tottenham are unemployed claiming benefits?

A

10,500

25
Q

How have social tensions culminated in Tottenham?

A

1985 Broad water riots and August 2011 riots.

26
Q

What factors make integration difficult in Tottenham?

A

23% of households in Tottenham have no english speakers

27
Q

On average how many violent offences in Tottenham per year?

A

5000

28
Q

What is the teenage pregnancy rate in Tottenham?

A

53/1000 for girls aged 15-17

29
Q

What top-down strategies have been put in place in Tottenham?

A

National government promised £40 mn for re-development, proposals to build 10,000 new homes and a new commercial centre providing 5000 new jobs.

30
Q

What small-scale strategies have been put in place in Tottenham?

A

The N17 architect studio encourages young people to get involved in construction and the regeneration of urban areas.

31
Q

What is the Turnpike lane art group?

A

A community led project to improve the aesthetics of the area through art based projects.

32
Q

What are the positives of the large immigrant population in Boston?

A

Large work force available for food-packaging industry where language skills do not matter.

33
Q

What are the negatives of the large immigrant population in Boston?

A

Locals are worried that the immigrants are taking jobs and keeping the wages low.

34
Q

What conflicts has there been in Boston over the increased diversity?

A

In 2013 UKIP took 16 seats from the conservative during the local elections and there was a protest over the pressure that immigrants were putting on the local services.

35
Q

What pull factors draw Russian oligarchs to Chelsea?

A

They trust British property to invest their money in and there are private schools for their children.

36
Q

Where is Southall?

A

London borough of Ealing

37
Q

What is the ethnic composition of Southall?

A

83% of residents are ethnic minorities. 63% are asian and 49% are Indian.

38
Q

What is the community in Southall like?

A

Largest Sikh community in London and lots of Muslim and Hindu representation.

39
Q

What caused migrants from India to settle in Southall?

A

After Indian independence many Punjabi soldiers who served in the army came to work in manufacturing and at Heathrow.

40
Q

What has caused Luton to become very ethnically diverse?

A

Many afro-carribean immigrants and later Immigrants from the EU.

41
Q

From 2001-2011 how did the % of residents who described themselves as Christian change in Luton?

A

went from 60% to 47%

42
Q

What is the population of Slough?

A

140,000

43
Q

How many of the residents of Slough were born in the UK?

A

61%

44
Q

What % of residents of Slough are white British?

A

35%

45
Q

How has diversity increased tensions in Luton?

A

Muslim group Al-Muhajiroun was based there, the founder of the EDL is from Luton, and in 2009 Anti Muslim and Anti War protest took place in response to one another.

46
Q

How is Slough borough council involved in the development of Slough?

A

Developing 3 housing developments, 29 council-rented homes, and a new sports stadium with a MUGA.

47
Q

How are community groups involved in the development of Slough?

A

Aik Saath is a charity working with all people to promote conflict resolution and community cohesion.

48
Q

How are TNCs involved in the development of Slough?

A

Many TNCs have set up offices in Slough due to its proximity to London (O2, Nintendo).

49
Q

What is Slough inspire?

A

A partnership between companies and the local council aimed at developing employability skills in the local population.

50
Q

What are the benefits of living in Cornwall?

A

697km of Coastline, wide variety of food and drink, much warmer climate, and high quality housing.

51
Q

What are the downsides of living in Cornwall?

A

Lack of social opportunities, frequent storms, remote and lack of motorways, poor reputation in some areas due to tourism.

52
Q

What demographic challenges does Cornwall face?

A

Many young people leave for education and employment resulting in brain drain.

53
Q

What economic challenges does Cornwall face?

A

Decline in industries such as dairy farming due to supermarkets driving down the price of milk, and decline in the quarrying of clay.

54
Q

What strategies were put in place in Cornwall to support rural development?

A

Regional aid programme set up incentivising companies to set up businesses there, and the EU invested in the Eden project.

55
Q

What is the Eden project?

A

A botanical garden built on a former clay quarry.

56
Q

How much money did the eden project make in its first year?

A

1.1 bn pounds attracting 13 million tourists.

57
Q

What is an example of a top-down strategy in Cornwall?

A

Superfast broadband was set up covering 95% of the county by 2016.

58
Q

What % of properties in St Minver Lowlands are second homes?

A

71%

59
Q

What is the Median age in Sevenoaks?

A

43-44 years old

60
Q

What is the population of Sevenoaks?

A

Geography paper 2 case studies (4 decks)

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