Globalisation

Question 1

human capital

Answer 1

producing a skilled workforce

Question 2

homogenisation

Answer 2

making everything the same

Question 3

globalisation flows

Answer 3

flows of people, resources, capital, or culture

Question 4

branch plant economy

Answer 4

the negative consequences on the growth of the regions

Question 5

global shift

Answer 5

the movement of manufacturing and industry to countries that have been recently industrialising

Question 6

sub-contracting

Answer 6

TNCs giving out contracts to other companies to make their stuff

Question 7

patterns of consumption

Answer 7

TNCs maximising profits by moving into new markets

Question 8

facilitators of globalisation

Answer 8

• TNCs and global markets
• Improved communications
• IGOs
• Transport revolution

Question 9

GII

Answer 9

gender inequality index

Question 10

SDG & MDG

Answer 10

millennium and sustainable development goals

Question 11

Gini Coefficient

Answer 11

how divided a society is

Question 12

What is Absolute Poverty?

Answer 12

$1.90 a day or less

Question 13

GNP

Answer 13

gross national product

Question 14

HIPC

Answer 14

heavily indebted poor countries

Question 15

What is relative poverty?

Answer 15

your standard of living compared to the general standard of your country

Question 16

what is globalisation?

Answer 16

globalisation is the process of linking together countries from all around the world so they are interdependent especially in economic terms (such as business, trade and financial systems).

Question 17

what are some facilitators of globalisation?

Answer 17

TNCS
international organisations
development of countries

Question 18

what are some transport developments that have facilitated globalisation?

Answer 18

– Transport technology: in the 18th and 19th centuries steam power based on coal, improved land and water transport but refinement of oil in the first half of the 20th century introduced faster transport especially with the development of the aeroplane which remain important in the 21st century
– Transport costs: started to reduce in the 19th century and fell further in the 20th and 25th century as Transport got faster and also more efficient carrying larger loads (containerisation)
– transport speed travelling between countries faster overtime, especially with jet aircraft since the 1960s

Question 19

what communication development have facilitated globalisation?

Answer 19

• telecommunications: the telegraph, then the telephone and television, then satellites technology
• computers and internet: Linking computer systems in different countries became possible with development of webs in the 1980 culminating in the global Internet from 1990. This lab business in different countries to be coordinated and the rise of global brands and social media.

Question 20

protectionist policy

Answer 20

Globalisation increases competition and businesses in a country may suffer. Some governments are put under pressure to impose taxes and tariffs on external goods and services to protect domestic businesses. This theme may include other processes such as immigration.

Question 21

government subsidies

Answer 21

– National governments may subsidise the cost of TNCs and local companies so that they will locate in certain places within the country.
– these can take several forms, such as tax incentives, tax exemptions, no customs duties, and no tariffs on input or export, all of which greatly reduce the cost for industries and increase profits– investment in infrastructure by local and national government also subsidises the costs for businesses

Question 22

what are SEZs

Answer 22

usually large areas of land reserved for economic purposes near major transport hub, especially seaport or airports. The national government exempts businesses within these zones from taxes.

Foreign transnational corporations are attracted to locate subsidiaries in EEZ boosting the local economy by employing people and providing them with skills, and making links with local businesses who gained knowledge of technology.

Question 23

why do some countries or regions have difficulty linking to globalisation?

Answer 23

Question 24

what is the global shift?

Answer 24

Europe (since the 1960s) and the USA (since the 2000s) have been in relative economic decline, while the far east and India have grown since 1990. This is due to:
– the main locations for manufacturing industry shifting to areas with resources and cheap labour
– outsourcing of service jobs to English-speaking emerging countries
– services centralising in world cities.

Question 25

what are the benefits and costs of global shift?

Answer 25

Question 26

what are the environmental problems in developing countries as a result of global shift?

Answer 26

Question 27

what are the social and environmental problems in developed countries?

Answer 27

Question 28

what is rural to urban migration and what does this lead to?

Answer 28

rural to urban migration is the movement of people to urban areas in search of a better life, this is often due to better job opportunities. This leads to the growth of megacities.

Question 29

what are push and pull factors?

Answer 29

things that cause people to leave a place or to go to a place. These can include: – push out of rural areas – includes poverty in rural areas and lack of job opportunities, and lack of services such as education and healthcare. – pull into urban areas – includes the opportunity to obtain a formal, better paid job, and better access to education and healthcare – natural increase– megacities have also grown quickly because rural to urban migrants are mostly young adults who have families

Question 30

what are some social challenges resulting from rapid growth?

Answer 30

Question 31

what are some environmental challenges resulting from rapid growth?

Answer 31

Question 32

what is a global hub city?

Answer 32

An urban area with lots of connections to other world cores. Connections include Transport, communications, industrial and financial. Often the cities have a wide range of nationalities and ethnic groups.

Question 33

what does diaspora mean?

Answer 33

The spread of a people or culture from one country or region around the world

Question 34

what are the benefits and costs of international migration for host countries?

Answer 34

Question 35

how does cultural diffusion occur?

Answer 35

Norwegian experience of different cultures used to spread very slowly. Globalisation has increased contact between cultures, through international migration, news and media contact, the Internet, and trans international corporations introducing ‘western’ brands and culture into different countries.

Question 36

what is cultural erosion?

Answer 36

When the traditional aspects of a place is culture are replaced with western style traditions.

Question 37

attitudes towards globalisation

Answer 37

Question 38

how can you measure development?

Answer 38

there are various ways of measuring development; these may focus on economic, social and/or environmental factors. Many people prefer to consider quality of life or sustainability.

Question 39

what are some social measures of development?

Answer 39

HDI - combines economic and social factors (years of schooling and life expectancy) GII (gender inequality index) - UN composite measure: examines the disparity between men and women by considering maternal mortality rates, females and education, and parliament, and participation in the workforce.

Question 40

what are some economic measures of development?

Answer 40

- GDP (gross domestic product) - GNI (gross national income) - economic sector balance - as a country develops there will be an increase in secondary industries then the tertiary industry

Question 41

what are some environmental measures of development?

Answer 41

- Global urban ambient air pollution - ecological footprint

Question 42

how has globalisation created winners and losers?

Answer 42

Question 43

what is censorship and why is it a control on globalisation?

Answer 43

when I spoke to globalisation is the flow of information and availability of big data. Sometimes this information is fake and sometimes the information contrast the ideologies of country, therefore a few governments have sought to control it such as China.

Question 44

what is trade protectionism?

Answer 44

One aspect of globalisation is free trade, but sometimes this leads to a lot of competition for industries within a country, resulting in fewer sales, closure and unemployment. A government may decide to protect some or all of its industries by imposing tariffs on imported goods that are in direct competition with national industries. This is often against World Trade Organisation rules and usually retaliatory tariffs on some of the countries export.

Question 45

what is localism?

Answer 45

a response to globalisation with the aim of increasing local sustainability.

Question 46

what are the benefits and costs of the localism process?

Answer 46

Question 47

what is fair trade?

Answer 47

– Search vacation shows products have been produced by small scale farms or businesses. – producers receive a minimum fair price by operating as cooperative and selling directly to the processing point or retailer. – workers rights are protected and no slave or child labourers used – a fair trade premium is invested in local communities, improving healthcare and education and looking after the natural environment

Question 48

what is ethical consumption?

Answer 48

consumers can choose products and services that meet high Eco environmental standards at the point of production, such as: – safe working conditions – zero or limited pollution? – sustainable farming – sustainable use of resources – sustainable forestry – Animal welfare Alternatively, consumers may choose to boycott products and services known to damage the environment or reduce quality of life