Case Studies Flashcards
Olympic Park Regeneration
– The athletes village has been re-launched as a housing estate called the East Village
– helped schools in the area
– the aquatic centre now uses its 50 meter pools as facilities for the community and schools.
– unemployment overall fell across London during the Olympic period
– Stratford got a tube station to connect the area to the rest of London.
– two new underground lines as well as a high-speed travelling train to Kings Cross and the Docklands light Railway (DLR)
– the Olympics brought more than £90 billion of investment to East London.
– many of the grounds in the Olympic Park have been used as Parkland open to the public
– the Urban west side of the lower valley was cleaned up with soil being cleaned on site
EBI
– residents of the carpenters estate hadn’t been displaced.
– wildlife hadn’t had to be relocated.
– existing businesses hadn’t had to move
London Docklands Regeneration
regeneration due to:
– loss of the docks due containerisation
– high levels of crime and deprivation
– between 1970 and 1980 there was 30,000 jobs lost.
– unemployment levels were 21% which was twice the national average
– there was inadequate transport links by both road and rail discouraging investment.
Focus of regeneration:
– regenerate the derelict brownfield docklands area
– add value
– provide new jobs and boost the U.K.’s financial sector.
Evidence of success:
– the Docklands contains some of the worlds biggest banks including HSBC, Barclays and Merrill Lynch Bank of America.
– there is a 14 million ft.² of office and retail space
– many buildings include a canteen, gym, etc which helps to attract businesses and staff
– in 2000 only 28,000 people worked there compared to 105,000 people working there now
Liverpool regeneration and rebranding
Focus of regeneration:
– to reclaim derelict land and create new houses and jobs
– regenerate the Albert dock
– reduce levels of crime and vandalism and economic and social deprivation
evidence of success:
– The Merseyside development Corporation regenerated 320 ha of derelict land
– Liverpool was awarded the European capital of culture in 2008
– over 15 million visitors for attracted for the 7000 cultural events that were being held there and just one year
– in 2004 the waterfront of Liverpool was awarded the UNESCO world Heritage site status
– Liverpool one shopping centre receive 22 million visitors every year.
EBI:
– improving personal health, wealth and opportunity.
– Created more thriving neighbourhoods and successful and productive businesses that create employment.
– A healthy and protected natural environment
Jurassic Coast rebranding
Focus of regeneration:
– to bring more visitors to the area in order to increase tax revenue and the success of businesses.
Evidence of success:
– over 5 million people visit per year, lots of these visitors travel internationally
– Durdle door, a key part of the Jurassic coast is becoming extremely popular.
– has become a world heritage site.
EBI:
– the coastline has experience less degradation from tourists littering.
– there were fewer second homes there as this is not good for the local economy as a lot of the work becomes seasonal
Lake district rebranding
Focus of regeneration:
– to bring more visitors to the area for family or walking holidays
evidence of success:
– 15.8 million visitors per year.
– has been granted national Park and world heritage site status
– property prices have increased adding value to the area.
EBI:
– there were more visitors out of season
– there had been less degradation to the natural environment.
– there were a few second homes
Cornwall rebranding
why?
– The area was poorly served by Transport from London and other areas meaning that many people are moving out of the area.
– no growth of industry or creation of jobs
– brain drain effect
– lower wages as Cornwall has the lowest weekly wages in Britain
– deindustrialisation occured as there was decline in agriculture.
– Southwest film studios employed over 200 people and received £2 million of funding went bankrupt in 2004.
Focus of regeneration:
– introduction of extreme watersports
– Jamie Olivers restaurant which trains local people from disadvantage backgrounds and cooking other skills
– opening of the Tate St Ives
– ‘cool Cornwall’
– farmers diversify their product range and offering tourist experiences in order to not be undercut by cheaper prices from elsewhere.
Evidence of success:
– appears that the rebrand in Cornwall has been successful. This is because it has a faster growth rate than the rest of the UK (5.4%) at 5.8%
– there’s been a sharp increase in visitors due to places like the Eden project.
– there is now more income out of season
EBI:
– Cornwall could attract more season visitors
Isle of Arran rebranding
Focus of regeneration:
– Much of the tourism is only seasonal between April and October meaning that many jobs are lost when restaurants and shops close in the winter.
– visitor numbers to same country destinations have decreased due to budget packet holidays abroad with cheap flights and high cost to stay in the area.
Evidence of success:
– There was a large amount of PR reinforced which meant that 40 newspapers and 22 TV shows reported about the rebranding of Isle of Aaran.
– In 2008 it was one of the busiest on record with tourism value rising to 35 million in 2010
EBI:
– the success there was only short-lived and therefore results can still not be seen.
– people from Eastern Europe have outstripped the local labour on Aaran as a result for the growth of jobs there
– some residents believe granting the island National park status would’ve been better.
Salford Quays regeneration
Why?
– Deindustrialisation
– used for warehouses and storage.
– Overshadowed by problems in Liverpool and Manchester.
Evidence for success:
– LS Lowry buildings (conference centre, and art gallery built)
– Media city buildings moved and brought 700,000 jobs however a lot of these were filled by people moving from London
– diverse terrified economic base.
– new houses
– more lucrative industries
EBI:
– some people were not displaced
Sydney - regeneration
- leading financial centre for the asia- pacific region
- high levels of FDI from overseas banks and TNCs
- high levels of inward migration (brain gain)
- high levels of quaternary employment
- young economically active workforce
- high average income
- sunbelt city
Youngstown (rust belt) - deprivation and deindustrialisation
- deindustrialisation caused a loss of 40,000 jobs when steel mills closed
- 40% of residents live below federal poverty line
- low income
- abandoned buildings
- no job prospects
- empty homes due to brain drain
- city making plans to demolish and rebuild derelict homes
- more places to go out and housing for students
- youngstown neighbourhood development corporation
- fewer residents has caused a lack of tax revenue
Middlesbrough - deprivation and deindustrialisation
- 14% unemployment
- high levels of deprivation
- no transport links
- poor education standards
- population decline
- closure of steel industry
- abandoned housing estates breeding crime
Reading - regeneration
- excellent transport links: elizabeth line, m4 motorway, great western railway
- successful university
- large corporations and chains investing here
- desirable for commuters
- reading festival
- brain gain
- strong employment
- graduates remain after studying
China - Globalisation
- open door policy (attracting foreign capital and attracting foreign trade)
- great firewall (legislation to regulate use of the internet domestically)
sea-me-we3 - globalisation
optical submarine telecommunications cable linking Asia, Middle East and Western Europe
m-pesa - globalisation
Africa’s most successful mobile money service allowing customers to deposit cash in exchange for electronic money which can be sent throughout the country.
The rise of China
