Global Systems And Governance

Question 1

TNC

Answer 1

A global company which operates in more than one country - HQ often in HICs and factories in LICs

Question 2

World Bank

Answer 2

Organisation who work to promote financial cooperation between countries to reduce poverty - promotion of trade and high employment

Question 3

United Nations

Answer 3

Promotes development of poorer nations - work with IMF and World Bank

Question 4

World Trade Organisation

Answer 4

Deals in rules of trade between countries - ensures trade flows freely

Question 5

IMF

Answer 5

An important source of financial and technical assistance to developing countries - main aim: reduce poverty

Question 6

Solutions to fishing and whaling

Answer 6

1. Southern Ocean Whale Sanctuary
   - Designed to provide whales with refuge after years of exploitation
   - Some countries ignore e.g Japan bc it’s ‘not law’
   - set up by IWC 1994 - surrounds Antarctica - babs commercial whaling
   - Aims: protect breeding areas of whales
   - increase public awareness
   - provide management tool- protect species
2. Moratorium on Commercial Whaling
   - Happened 1982 by IWC
   - Outrifht ban on whaling - allows scientific research
   - Greenpeace activists launched anti-whaling campaign- confronted whaling ships in sea- brought images back - public awareness
   - hard to set into law - Antarctica remote + not law

Question 7

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)

Answer 7

• Aim: provide leadership to care for the environment
• get money from governments (intergovernmental organisation)
• sets global agenda

Question 8

Antarctic Treaty

Answer 8

• one of most successful international organisations
• allows scientific research to continue
• bans nuclear/military activity in Antarctica
• parties meet frequently to discuss issues and measures for protection

Question 9

Ablation

Answer 9

Opposite of accumulation - all processed with remove ice/snow/water from a glacier (like melting)

Question 10

Nunatak

Answer 10

An exposed often rocky element of a ridge, mountain or peak not covered with ice or snow within an ice field or glacier

Question 11

SDT

Answer 11

Special Differential Treatment

- a part of the trading system

Question 12

Reasons for SDTs

Answer 12

1. Tackle structural handicaps that characterise LDCs
   - low level of income
   - concentration on primary foods for export
   - vulnerable to export price volatility
2. Engage in world trade on more advantageous level
   - incentives for export diversification
   - allowing stable export revenues
3. Promoting faster income growth and development