Carbon And Water Cycle Flashcards
1
Q
Amazon background
A
In South America
Worlds largest rainforest
Home to 80,000 plant species
2
Q
One mitigation organisation in Amazon
A
- Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organisation (ACTO)
- 8 member countries
- Aim: promote sustainable development
- Objectives: reverse loss or forest cover, prevent illegal logging, sustainable forest management, increase efforts to prevent forest degradation
3
Q
Another mitigation process in amazon
A
Tarapoto process
- set up Amazon Cooperation Treaty (ATC)
- Aim: sustainable manage Amazon rainforest at 3 levels
- National level: investment in research, education and technology
- Management level: prevention measures- protect water courses and vegetation
- Global level: conservation of biological diversity
4
Q
Pickering beck natural causes of flooding
A
- Rainfall - main cause of flooding
- Vegetation
- Relief
- Geology and soil type - 68km^2 catchment, limestones and gritstones
5
Q
Pickering Beck human causes of flooding
A
- Urbanisation
- Agriculture - ploughing, maize, compaction
- Moorland and forest drainage/removal
6
Q
Management of flooding in Pickering Beck
A
- Construction of bunds - area to store water on floodplain during flood
- Large woody debris damns (LWDD) - normal flow passes through - during high flow, water is slowed - forced onto floodplains - 129 LWDD installedi in Pickering beck
- No-burn zones - 10m wide no-burn zones along watercourse - burning speeds up run-off
- Educating farmers, landowners etc - woek win people to manage their land - become aware of actions e.g moving cattle feeders, prevents land getting compacted or churned up
7
Q
Factors affecting run-off
A
- Rock type - impermeable/ permeable
- Type ana intensity of precipitation - intense - less time for infiltration - more run off, rain and sleet more run off than snow
- Climate - hot- more evaporation - ground absorbs more
- Human activities - urbanisation - more impermeable, deforestation - more run off
8
Q
Changes in water cycle
A
- Tropical storms
- El Niño
- Droughts
- Farming practices
- Land use change
- Water abstraction
9
Q
Percolation
A
Movement of water down through the ground
10
Q
Through flow
A
Water flows through the ground
11
Q
Infiltration
A
When water enters the ground
12
Q
Overland flow
A
Where water flows over the land surface
13
Q
Transpiration
A
Where water vapour comes out of leaves
14
Q
Evapotranspiration
A
Water rises as vapour from the ground or from leaves
15
Q
Soil water
A
Water held in between soil particles
