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Geography test > Global systems and global governance > Flashcards

Global systems and global governance Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the threats to Antarctica?

A
  • Tourism
  • Climate change
  • Mining
  • Fishing/whaling
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2
Q

How does climate change impact Antarctica?

A
  • Acidification > damage to sea life (marine snails), food web
  • Western sea ice sinking > changing sea ice (Emperor penguin down chinstrap up)
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3
Q

How does fishing/whaling effect Antarctica?

A
  • Whales decreased 275,000 - 2000 in 1964

- Long line fishing, patagonian toothfish

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4
Q

Negative impacts of tourism on Antarctica

A
  • MV explorer, oil spills

- Waste will have slow decomposition

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5
Q

Positives impacts of tourism on Antarctica

A
  • Raised awareness

- 95% landing sites no damaged

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6
Q

What does IAATO do and how does it limit impacts?

A

Regulates tourism through guidelines:

  • large cruise ships not allowed
  • tourist wear red jackets
  • limited number of tourists
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7
Q

Positives and negatives of IWM?

A

+ decreased levels of whaling, increased social/political costs

  • Countries objected (Russia)
  • Loophole in scientific research (Japan)
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8
Q

Negatives of differential access to markets

A
  • LIC not part of trade bloc
  • Less FDI > less TNCs
  • Primacy, freetown in Sierra Leone
  • Dependent on trade bloc (Mexico suffered from US 2008 recession)
  • Relocation of TNCs from USA to Mexico, bad condition in Maquiladora
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9
Q

Positives of differential access to markets

A
  • Special differential treatment (STDs), promotes economic growth and diversification
  • NAFTA, ($142-452 billion from 1993-2018) > more trade between USA and Mexico
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10
Q

Economic impacts of poor market access

A
  • Reinforces poverty (primacy)
  • Less industrial development > no multiplier effect
  • Lack of development in manufacturing (Sierra Leone manufacturing contributes to 27% of GDP)
  • Fewer employment (70% of under 25 unemployed in Sierra Leone)
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11
Q

Strength and weakness of SDT

A

+ better markets access, increase competitiveness

  • Not completely generalised
  • deindustrialisation on HIC
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12
Q

4 paragraphs of TNCs vs UN

A
  • Positive of UN
  • Negative of UN
  • Positive of TNCs
  • Negative of TNCs
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13
Q

Success of UN millennium development goals

A
  • Reduced poverty from 47-14%
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14
Q

Weaknesses of UN millenium goals

A
  • Widening disparity 30% of countries did not meet targets
  • Issues with data, proportion reduce due to population increase (800 million still in extreme poverty)
  • ## Disparity between rural/urban areas (56 vs 87% attended by health personal)
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15
Q

Evidence of UN promoting peace

A
  • 75,000 peacekeepers in Sierra Leone (maintained peace for development)
  • Involvement in Gulf war stopped conflict between Iraq and Kuwait in 8 months
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16
Q

Evidence of UN failing to promote peace

A
  • Veto power, Russia stopped intervention in Syria
  • UN peacekeeping have been ineffective at times:(Yugoslavian civil war, 7800 people massacred)
    (Rwandan genocide as abandoned refugee camps)
17
Q

Overview of UN

A
  • 193 countries
  • UN millennium development goals
  • Promote stability and peace
  • Organisations (International court of Justice)
18
Q

Positive impacts of TNCs on country of origin

A
  • Cheaper goods as produced at a lower cost > benefits consumers
  • Increased tax revenue due to profit repatriation
19
Q

Negative impacts of TNCs on country of origin

A
  • Deindustrialisation

- Structural unemployment

20
Q

Positives of TNCs on host country

A
  • Employment - average wage 40% higher

- Upskilling of workers

21
Q

Negatives of TNCs on host country

A
  • Poor working conditions (child labour)
  • Exploitation of resources (impact on environment)
  • Rural urban migration
  • Local firms cannot compete (close down)
  • Repatriation of profits
22
Q

Positive impact of apple on Ireland

A
  • Employs 4000 workers directly and 2500 across supply chain
  • Attracts high skilled workforce
  • Reputation as host country for tech firms (Gentrification)
23
Q

Negative impact of apple on Ireland

A
  • Most highly skilled workers are foreign, conflict between locals and migrants
  • Tax avoidance
24
Q

Positive of apple in Foxconn city

A
  • Pay high than local firms

- Use local firms for production process

25
Q

Negatives of apple in Foxconn city

A
  • Poor labour conditions (race to the bottom)
  • High suicides (14 in 2010)
  • Environmental issues, toxic chemicals such as PVS

Geography test (3 decks)

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