Global Systems Flashcards
What is interdependence? How have global systems become involved in this? - Global Systems
Interdependence is where links between countries and entities make the world decreasingly self-reliant. Global systems have evolved to reflect increased economic, political, social and environmental interdependence.
What does Frank’s model show? What type of interdependence does it display? - Global Systems
Frank’s model shows the economic interdependence across the globe between ‘core’, ‘semi-periphery’ and ‘periphery’ countries.
Describe the direction of flows of goods and resources between core, semi-periphery and periphery countries in Frank’s model - Global Systems
Goods - high value products exported from core to semi-periphery, low value products from semi-periphery to periphery.
Resources - primary products move from periphery to semi-periphery/core.
What type of country are core, semi-periphery and periphery countries respectively in Frank’s model? - Global Systems
Core: HICs
Semi-periphery: NEEs
Periphery: LICs
What contemporary criticisms exist of Frank’s model? - Global Systems
BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa) countries mean that the concept of semi-periphery countries is becoming increasingly outdated due to their rapid industrialisation. It also overly simplifies the movement of goods and resurces.
What is a remittance? What is repatriation? - Global Systems
A remittance is a sum of money that is transferred to another person or party, usually from migrants living in core regions back to peripheral regions.
Repatriation is the sending of money back to one’s own country, usually at a large scale by TNCs of their profits.
What benefits exist from the flows of people? - Global Systems
People are able to move for job opportunites from LICs to HICs/NEEs (London, Dubai, Singapore), allow labour shortages in these countries to be filled, people are able to support families back in peripheral regions, people can move to escape war and famine (Ukraine).
What problems exist with flows of people (inequalities, conflict, justice)? - Global Systems
Inequalities: LICs suffer from the ‘brain drain’, reinforcing existing inequality between countries.
Conflict: low skilled migrants work for less money than low skilled locals, depressing wages and creating conflict between locals and migrants.
Justice: migrants may be forced to work in dangerous conditions. Seen in Qatar for WC2022.
What benefits are there from flows of capital? - Global Systems
FDI allows foreign companies to take advantage of raw materials and low labour costs, while host countries can benefit from expertise. May improve living standards or build infrastructure.
What problems (in terms of inequality, conflict and justice) are there from flows of capital? - Global Systems
Inequalities: foreign aid may create dependency on this source of money, reducing incentive for countries to finance development themselves.
Conflict: foreign aid may finance insurgents or armed conflicts if allocated incorrectly.
Justice: companies may pressure countries to weaken regulation to make investment more profitable.
What benefits are there from flows of ideas? (ideas relating to trade) - Global Systems
Disengagement of governments from trading and deregulation of economies has created free trade. Trade between countries reduces conflict due to global interdependence. Enhanced wealth creation.
What problems have been created by flows of ideas (relating to trade) in relation to inequality, conflict and justice? - Global Systems
Inequalities: neoliberalism tends to concentrate wealth in hands of few individuals and excessively favours large TNCs in HICs.
Conflict: wealth creation creates mass inequality, leading to conflict between rich and poor.
Justice: favours poor working conditions and deregulation of labour laws in order to generate wealth. Leads to lack of welfare and protection.
What benefits exist of flows of technology? - Global Systems
Technology has begun to rapidly develop and advance, creating innovation in healthcare, security, comms. These developments can develop LICs as technology flows from HICs to LICs.
What problems exist with flows of technology (in terms of inequalities and conflict)? - Global Systems
Inequalities: HICs can afford latest tech but LICs cannot, creating disparity between levels of tech in terms of comms and information.
Conflict: weapons manufactured and sold by HICs to LICs may end up possessed by oppressive governments, funding internal conflicts against a government’s own people.
How does globalisation impact power relations through unequal flows? What does this mean for who is controlling gloal systems? - Global Systems
Globalisation’s unequal flows of people, capital, technology and ideas have created unequal power relations between countries. Countries that have a surplus of capital and technology are therefore able to control global systems to their own advantage.
