Global Migration In Promoting Stability, Growth And Development

Question 1

Global migration in promoting stability

Answer 1

Migrant remittances are a source of foreign exchange which can contribute to economic stability of the recipient country For example 28.8% of Nepal’s GDP comes from remittances And from the UK its only 0.1%

• Sometimes poor countries do not receive a lot of remittances due to restrictive immigration polices within developed countries and costs of travel due to payment to traffickers

Also in the Philippines 10 million people leave for economic opportunities, with on average $200 are sent back each month by each migrant =. It enough to feed and pay the bills particularly with children

So some locals have joined a budgeting programme for remittance investment which is funded by UN International Fund for agricultural development - for example investment in a fish farm has provided local employment opportunities so the migrant does not need to leave again and has a successful family business - builds a sustainable economy

Returning migrants have new ideas and values such as democracy and equality which aids peace building and conflict resolution

In an ageing population, young migrants working in populations can contribute to balanced age structure and population growth.

Question 2

Global migration promoting economic growth

Answer 2

GDP and tax base of the host nation can be boosted by working migrants

Migrants are consumers = open up new markets in demand for food,clothing,music to stimulate local economies

Cambridge school has seen a change from 1 foreign pupil to 60 in 4 years

Many high streets in slough are full of cultural restaurants

Migrants can fill skills gaps and shortages in the labour market of the labour market at local and national scales -

many big food processing companies employ migrants at Greenvale potato factory 2/3 of the workforce are migrants

75% of migrants take unskilled jobs in the UK such as fruit picking which are not attractive to local residents and without them would lead to harvest labour shortages ( just in the summer of 2021, there were concerns for labour as economic migrants were restricted due to the global pandemic.

Migrant remittances can stimulate the multiplier effect in the country of the migrants origin through household incomes to consumption, provide funds for investment -

Question 3

Global migration in promoting development

Answer 3

Skills and knowledge acquired by returning migrants can benefit the country of origin

Migrants can create networks which ease flows of materials, skills,finance,values and ideas through diaspora associations ( professional, business, social and religious)

UN ‘migration and development’ project between partner countries involve families and local authorities and public and private service providers in effective ‘bottom up’ approaches to development - ministry of education decentralised its polices to local authorities - rural and urban to meet MDG targets for school enrolments

Question 4

Overall knowledge

Answer 4

Promotion of stability, growth and development

International organisations recognise migration as a key factor for development (UN and IOM)

Monetary transfers are most evident in remittances - make it easier to source more technology, includes mobile money transfers and made more reliable by cash transfer programming and the use of smartphone

Economic remittances = money

Social remittances = flow of ideas and reinforced cultures - geographical diffusion of ideas, informations and values that can be transferred back to the country of origin, including access to ideas of family size, education,marriage

Information from migrants can be useful for prospective migrants

Values can be transferred such as democracy and behaviour can floe from one to another by social media or when the migrants return. ( for example the documentary - the day the migrants left)

Technology - ( Kenya crisis care ) used by international humanitarian organisations including NGO’s to assess the crisis to see where care is most needed.

Human mobility analysis is conducted through big data including mobile phone records and credit card transactions

Provides media reports collated from texts, emails and tweets which can be used in crisis mapping

Eg, mobile phones and digital data can be used in giving access to numbers of urban internally displaced persons in Pakistan - many of these people flee to urban areas rather than established camps due to the perceived hope for better socio-economic opportunities

The VAP has been set up jointly with the Pakistan government and 14 humanitarian operations

The data collected are uploaded to an online database, which was analysis of 400,000 urban IDP’s so that the most vulnerable can be targeted for assistance.

Cause inequalities, conflicts and injustices

Reported human rights violations in detention camps for Myanmar refugees on the Thai-malaysian border

New fence and high surveillance at the Bulgaria-Turkish Border

Refugee camp and channel tunnel at Calais and another camp outside of Calais contained over 3000 migrants in feb 2016 - mainly unaccompanied young males

Migrant flows are spatially uneven with the south-south and south North migration flow being dominant

Inequality of migration tends to flow the opposite direction to remittances. For example talent- based immigration systems such as Canada and USA mean that all the highly skilled workers flow out of LIDC’s and EDC’s

Low levels of socio-economic development can lead to low access to technology and infrastructure for ICT

Eg, they could lack Human Resources and forensic tools to analyse digital data or download maps and use satellite imagery

Government and military control of information and limited broadband speed affects the civilian relief organisations

Therefore restricting effective management of conflict injustices with migration