Brazil Flashcards
Background
7th largest economy in the world
Leading economic power in Latin America
EDC - increase in GDP per capita - 4874 (2007) to 5823 ((2014)
Highest contribution with 69% from services
Declining birth rate and an ageing population
Migration has contributed to the growth over a long period of time
Immigration and emigration patterns in Brazil
Net migration loss of 1/2 million from. 2000-2009 but slowed to 190,00 between 2010-14
Increased migration between Brazil and neighbouring countries eg, Mercosur members, chile and Andean states
Less low skilled economic migrants going too the USA
Increase in highly skilled workers to Europe, USA and Japan
Increased immigration fromHaiti and African countries using Ecuador and chile as transit countries
Increase international economic migrants attracted by construction for 2014 football World Cup and 2016 olympics
Northeast to south east internal migration
Changes overtime
19th and 20th century - Brazil was a net recipient of migrants due to economic opportunities in the agricultural sector for coffee cultivation mainly from Italy, Germany and Portugal and Japanese
Economic migration between Paraguay and Argentina has been high
Political crisis has increased migration between Bolivia, Angola and Lebanon
Last 15 years immigration has slowed and emigration has increased, in 2013 there were 1.77 million Brazilians living abroad compared to 0.98 million in 2000 with 80,000 fewer immigrants Than the start of the century
USA has brazils largest abroad population - 370,000 in 2013
Employment opportunities has meant many Japanese decent in Brazil have emigrated back to Japan
Interdependence - Portugal
Bilateral link
Political, economic and social
Portuguese government gives special status to Brazilian migrants with Brazil being a former colony of Portugal
Economic migrants = Portugal has become a gateway to the EU
Shared language, family ties and ancestry means the two countries can be integrated well
Well supported social diaspora networks in both counties - aids reciprocal migration
Migrant remittances - important economic factor of many migrants
Interdependence with USA
Political, socio-economic and environmental
Immigrants working in the USA from Brazil contribute to Brazil’s development with sending back economic remittances and social remittances such as skills and knowledge
Highly skilled Brazilians work in the service sector in USA
USA and Brazil have negotiated agreements on agriculture, trade, finance, education and defence
USAID - support Brazil in environmental projects
EG, training Xavante indigenous people to protect the trees within the forest from fire And assisting the government in designing and implementing laws with forest governance and sustainable management
Interdepdance - Haiti
Political and economic humanitarian Relationship
National Immigration Council for Brazil enables Haitian Immigrants to obtain visas easily in Haiti - reduce vulnerability to trafficking networks
Helping many Haitians to recover from their devastating earthquake in 2010 and hurricane sandy
Which displacing 1.5 million people
Immigrants Totals
2010 - 1681
2013 - 11,072
Riding due ton Haitians escaping political instability, unemployment, poverty and poor access to services such as education - along with bad human rights violations ( gender based)
Join families in south Brazil - low skilled jobs are available in agriculture and factories of Rio Grande do Sul
Impact migration has on Brazils economic development
Growth in ag and manufacturing from immigration
Highly skilled professionals influx with employment contracts - entrepreneurship and innovation Along with reduced gaps in the labour market
Emigration leads to migrant remittances - housing improvements and education and general consumption - contributed to development at all scales
Eg, $2.4 billion in 2014 - 0.1% of GDP
Impact migration has on political stability in Brazil
Stable and democratic
Leading member of mercosur - important member of G20 and OCED And one of the BRICS
Free flow trade, capital and labour migration has helped promotion of political stability
Stable political relationships between Brazil and countries with large bilateral links - japan, USA and Portugal
Brazil -receiver of environmental and political refugees as stable governments accepts responsibility for welfare and employment prospects by providing visa and work permits
Member of mercosur
Migration helped social equality
UNESCO - inequalities in a Brazilian society of different ethnic groups
Exist in housing provision, service access, educational attainment and income
Brazilians of African decent are most affected
Spatial perspective - poverty concentrated in rural areas or in favelas where poor people migrate
Discrimination in the labour market - particularly against black and indigenous populations - impacts full economic, political and social development
