Global Marketing Flashcards

1
Q

World trade:

A

flow of good and services among different countries

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2
Q

Countertrade:

A

when goods are paid for with items other than cash (bartering) ~25% of world trade

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3
Q

Assessing Country Markets

A

Economic analysis
Infrastructure and technology
Sociocultural analysis
Government actions

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4
Q

economic analysis

A

market size and population growth, GDP, economic development, real income

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5
Q

infrastructure and technology

A

transportation, channels, communication, commerce

deciding whether or not to invest in infrastructure

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6
Q

sociocultural analysis

A

demographics, values, norms, and customs, ethnocentrism, basic human rights

power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism, masculinity, time orientation

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7
Q

government actions

A

tariff, quota, exchange control, trade agreement

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8
Q

Road blocks at the borders:

A

Protectionism
Exchange control-currency, rates
Economic communities help to promote trade—North American Free Trade Agreement, NAFTA, MERCOSUR, CAFTA, APEC, EU, etc.

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9
Q

Protectionism

A

quotas, embargoes, and tariffs
Initiatives in international regulation to help trade

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), World Trade Organization (WTO)

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10
Q

Foreign expansion concerns

A

Do I go or not go? Which market do I enter? Level of commitment and how to adjust marketing mix accordingly

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11
Q

Increased control and financial risk as you go through:

A
Exporting
Franchising
Strategic alliance
Joint venture
Direct investment
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12
Q

exporting

A

least amount of risk, but least controlled

selling goods to middleman in that country

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13
Q

franchising

A

a little more control, like fast food chains abroad, more investment in their success

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14
Q

strategic alliance

A

forming temporary partnerships to collaborate, but not investing in each other to form a new company

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15
Q

joint venture

A

lots of control but greater risk

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16
Q

direct investment

A

setting up shop in the new country, most financially risky

17
Q

Culture:

A

set of values shared by citizens that determine what is socially acceptable

language, religion, superstitions, etiquette, customs, traditions, notion of time

18
Q

Truthfulness in business dealings ____ by country

19
Q

Bribery:

A

when someone voluntarily offers payment to get an illegal advantages

20
Q

Tweaking and adapting the marketing mix for business abroad

A

Standardization
Localization
Glocalization

21
Q

Standardization:

A

when you offer the same products in all markets

22
Q

Localization:

A

create a new product and marketing mix for local marketability

23
Q

Glocalization:

A

take an existing product and change the way it looks to appeal to local market

24
Q

Reverse innovation:

A

when you innovate specifically for a new market and bring it back for domestic use

25
Same Product, Same Message
One product with same message
26
Same Product, Change Message
Message Adaptation
27
Change Product, Same Message
Product Adaptation
28
Change Product, Change Message
Product Invention
29
Products are often more ____ to produce in foreign markets
expensive
30
Free trade zones
areas of a country where the government allows trade without taxes or tariffs on imports.
31
Gray market goods
goods that are obtained through legal means, yet the methods are not conventional or desired by the manufacturers/ government. So, in order to avoid a tariff, a person can have their friend bring them an iPhone from the US.
32
Pricing worldwide is much more ____ due to the internet
transparent
33
Getting the product to remote locations is often _____
difficult
34
extortion
when someone in authority extracts payment under duress
35
dumping
Getting rid of a lot of product by lowering price, sometimes to below cost. This is sometimes done when a product becomes obsolete. The problem is that it throws off the market.