Global Inequality Flashcards
What is the difference between social and global stratification?
social stratification = ranking of factors related to unequal distribution of wealth, power, prestige among individuals
Global stratification = unequal distribution among nations
What is the difference between income and wealth?
Income = money received for work or investments
Wealth = all of our material possessions including income
What is a quintile?
Households in Canada are divided into five groups called quintiles to measure wealth
What are the features of modernization theory?
Believes nations move through natural stages towards stability, capitalism, democracy.
Traditional
Industrialization
Maturity
Age of mass consumption
Low-income countries can improve through change of attitudes and industrialization
Ethnocentric
What is the World Systems Approach?
hierarchy created by power and colonialism that make some nations subordinate to others.
What is a core, semi-peripheral, and peripheral nation?
Core = dominant, highly industrialized, technological
Semi- peripheral = in-between, not powerful enough to dictate policies, used as a source of raw materials, may exploit peripheral nations
Peripheral = low-income, resources exploited, industrialization controlled by core nations, unstable governments
What is capital flight and how does it affect deindustrialization?
Capital flight is the movement of manufacturing or services from one nation to another resulting in the lose of jobs.
Causing deindustrialization when no companies move in to fill gaps
What is the difference between absolute, transitional, marginal, residual, and relative poverty?
Absolute = cannot afford minimal standard of living Transitional = temporary poverty caused by loss of job Marginal = lack of stable employment Residual = chronic and generational poverty Relative = can afford basic needs but don't meet average standard of living
What three factors determine the impact of poverty?
Depth
Breadth
Duration
What is dependence theory?
Inequality caused by core nations exploiting others, causing a cycle of dependency; as long as this is the case low-income nations can never achieve economic growth
What is the focus of globalization theory?
The flow of capital between countries in an interconnected world
What is the difference between the upper middle class and middle class?
Upper middle class = very comfortable, high paying occupations, not elite, well educated
Middle class = skilled workers, some occupational prestige, if two parents both must work, have some education, moderate incomes
What is the difference between working class and lower class?
Working class = manual labour, high school diploma, lack formal education, paid hourly
Lower class = living in poverty
What is the urban underclass?
Living in disadvantaged neighbourhoods characterized by poverty, unemployment, family disruption
What is the difference between horizontal and vertical mobility?
Horizontal = movement within same social class Vertical = movement between social classes
What is the difference between intragenerational and intergenerational mobility?
Intragenerational = change in social standing Intergenerational = families moving between social classes
What is structural mobility?
Large scale factors affect social class of many, like a recession
How do structural functionalists view inequality?
Meritocracy.
Social status based on ability, there will always be inequality because individuals have different skills
Society rewards those who take on tougher jobs
How do conflict theorists view inequality?
Limited resources to around, struggle to attain them
inequality not inevitable, wealthy try to keep their wealth
How do symbolic interactionist view inequality?
Look at how individual view inequality, whether they have a perception of social status
Higher our SES less we believe social class matters
How do feminists view inequality?
Feminization of poverty
Hard for women to earn the same as men
What social policies in Canada are working?
Working income tax benefit
National Child Benefit
Old age security
What are the trends of wealth in Canada? (5)
Men wealthy then women Those will older head of house wealthier Wealth declines at 65 Single individuals have less wealth Wealth inequality has increased over time
What is the sedimentation of global inequality?
Once poverty in entrenched in an area it is hard to reverse
