Global Inequality

Question 1

What is the difference between social and global stratification?

Answer 1

social stratification = ranking of factors related to unequal distribution of wealth, power, prestige among individuals

Global stratification = unequal distribution among nations

Question 2

What is the difference between income and wealth?

Answer 2

Income = money received for work or investments

Wealth = all of our material possessions including income

Question 3

What is a quintile?

Answer 3

Households in Canada are divided into five groups called quintiles to measure wealth

Question 4

What are the features of modernization theory?

Answer 4

Believes nations move through natural stages towards stability, capitalism, democracy.

Traditional
Industrialization
Maturity
Age of mass consumption

Low-income countries can improve through change of attitudes and industrialization

Ethnocentric

Question 5

What is the World Systems Approach?

Answer 5

hierarchy created by power and colonialism that make some nations subordinate to others.

Question 6

What is a core, semi-peripheral, and peripheral nation?

Answer 6

Core = dominant, highly industrialized, technological

Semi- peripheral = in-between, not powerful enough to dictate policies, used as a source of raw materials, may exploit peripheral nations

Peripheral = low-income, resources exploited, industrialization controlled by core nations, unstable governments

Question 7

What is capital flight and how does it affect deindustrialization?

Answer 7

Capital flight is the movement of manufacturing or services from one nation to another resulting in the lose of jobs.

Causing deindustrialization when no companies move in to fill gaps

Question 8

What is the difference between absolute, transitional, marginal, residual, and relative poverty?

Answer 8

Absolute = cannot afford minimal standard of living
Transitional = temporary poverty caused by loss of job
Marginal = lack of stable employment
Residual = chronic and generational poverty
Relative = can afford basic needs but don't meet average standard of living

Question 9

What three factors determine the impact of poverty?

Answer 9

Depth
Breadth
Duration

Question 10

What is dependence theory?

Answer 10

Inequality caused by core nations exploiting others, causing a cycle of dependency; as long as this is the case low-income nations can never achieve economic growth

Question 11

What is the focus of globalization theory?

Answer 11

The flow of capital between countries in an interconnected world

Question 12

What is the difference between the upper middle class and middle class?

Answer 12

Upper middle class = very comfortable, high paying occupations, not elite, well educated

Middle class = skilled workers, some occupational prestige, if two parents both must work, have some education, moderate incomes

Question 13

What is the difference between working class and lower class?

Answer 13

Working class = manual labour, high school diploma, lack formal education, paid hourly

Lower class = living in poverty

Question 14

What is the urban underclass?

Answer 14

Living in disadvantaged neighbourhoods characterized by poverty, unemployment, family disruption

Question 15

What is the difference between horizontal and vertical mobility?

Answer 15

Horizontal = movement within same social class
Vertical = movement between social classes

Question 16

What is the difference between intragenerational and intergenerational mobility?

Answer 16

Intragenerational = change in social standing
Intergenerational = families moving between social classes

Question 17

What is structural mobility?

Answer 17

Large scale factors affect social class of many, like a recession

Question 18

How do structural functionalists view inequality?

Answer 18

Meritocracy.

Social status based on ability, there will always be inequality because individuals have different skills

Society rewards those who take on tougher jobs

Question 19

How do conflict theorists view inequality?

Answer 19

Limited resources to around, struggle to attain them

inequality not inevitable, wealthy try to keep their wealth

Question 20

How do symbolic interactionist view inequality?

Answer 20

Look at how individual view inequality, whether they have a perception of social status

Higher our SES less we believe social class matters

Question 21

How do feminists view inequality?

Answer 21

Feminization of poverty

Hard for women to earn the same as men

Question 22

What social policies in Canada are working?

Answer 22

Working income tax benefit
National Child Benefit
Old age security

Question 23

What are the trends of wealth in Canada? (5)

Answer 23

Men wealthy then women
Those will older head of house wealthier
Wealth declines at 65
Single individuals have less wealth
Wealth inequality has increased over time

Question 24

What is the sedimentation of global inequality?

Answer 24

Once poverty in entrenched in an area it is hard to reverse