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DTMH > Global Health and Study Design > Flashcards

Global Health and Study Design Flashcards

1
Q

What disease does B3 (Niacin) deficiency cause?

A

Pellagra
- photosensitive rash
- dementia
- diarrhoea

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2
Q

Health system building blocks (6)

A

Governance/ Leadership
Financing
Health workforce
Information
Medical products and technology
Service delivery

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3
Q

Health system goals (5)

A

Improved health
responsiveness
social risk protection (for those accessing)
financial risk protection (for those accessing)
Efficiency

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4
Q

WHO antenatal care model (ANC)

A

8 CONTACTS (rather than visits)

  • 12 weeks
  • 20 weeks
  • 26 weeks
  • 30 weeks
  • 34 weeks
  • 36 weeks
  • 38 weeks
  • 40 weeks

(8, 6, 4, 4, 2, 2, 2)

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5
Q

Important diseases in the EMTCT

A

Elimination of mother to child transmission

HIV
Malaria
Syphilis
Hep B
Congenital chagas

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6
Q

Recommended maternal interventions

A

Tetanus
Iron and folate
Elimination of mother to child transmission
IPT - malaria
insecticide treated nets
de-worming

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7
Q

Antenatal health system recommendations

A

Women-held case-notes
Midwife-lead continuity of care
Group antenatal care
Community based intervention
Task shifting
Recruitment and retention of staff
Antenatal care contact schedules

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8
Q

What are the levels of emergency obstetric care

A

Basic
- oxytocin, antibiotics, anti-convulsants, manual vaccume delivery, manual removal of placenta, assisted vaginal delivery, neonatal bag and mask resus

Comprehensive
- blood transfusion, operative delivery

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9
Q

Emergency obstetric care recommendations by UN

A

1 comprehensive and 4 basic facilities per half million population
1 comprehensive and 4 basic facilities per area (subnational level)
% of all births should be at a EmOC facility (to be set depending on local area)
100% of women with obstetric complications should be treated at EmOC
C-sections should be 5-15% of all births
Case fatality <1%

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10
Q

Causes of post partum haemorrhage

A

TONE - RF - fever, bladder, rapid, prolonged.
trauma
thrombus
tissue (retained products)

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11
Q

Management of atony in delivery

A

skilled personnel - Oxytocin
un-skilled personnel - Misoprostol

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12
Q

Stabilising measures for PPH

A

Bimanual uterine compression
External aortic compression
Anti-shock garments
Uterine balloon tamponade

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13
Q

Management of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia

A

high risk - aspirin prophylaxis
pre-ecc - anti-hypertensives
ecc - ABCs, MgSO4 infusion

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14
Q

Signs of MgSO4 toxicity and management

A

Reduced urine output (<30ml/hr)
Depressed tendon reflex
Resp depression

(breathe slow, kick slow, pee slow)

Management
- calcium gluconate

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15
Q

Management of obstetric fistula

A

Use urinary catheter - leave insitu for 2 weeks - if no signs of fistula can remove
If fistula present leave catheter for 6 weeks (small fistulas may heal if bladder is not contracting)
If not healed after 6 weeks → refer for surgery

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16
Q

Monitoring of labour

A

Labour partograph
Labour care guide

17
Q

What are the 6 WHO pillars of quality

A

Equity
Efficiency
Safety
Patient centeredness
Timeliness
Effectiveness

18
Q

Powers that make an issue a global health priority

A

Power of actors
Power of ideas
Power of political context
Power of the issue

19
Q

Features of potable water (drinking water)

A

Potable water = drinking water
Odourless, colourless
Safe - no harmful microorganisms
Safe concentrations of chemicals and minerals
Clear
Not salty

20
Q

How to assess safety of water from micro-organisms

A

count coliform numbers (can be used as a generalised marker)

21
Q

Types of sweet water

A
  • surface water
  • ground water
  • precipitation
22
Q

Points of water contamination

A
  • contamination can occur at any point in the water chain from collection source to consumption.
23
Q

What is public health

A

the art and science of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health by the organised efforts of society

24
Q

What are the 3 aspects of public health

A
  • health promotion
  • health protection
  • health systems

All of this is underpinned by information and intelligence

25
Q

Causes of death based on income bracket of country

A

High income countries: IHD, Alzheimer’s, Stroke, Lung ca, COPD
Upper-middle-income countries: IHD, Stroke, COPD, Lung ca, LRTIs
Lower-middle-income countries: IHD, Stroke, neonatal complications, COPD, LRTIs
Low income countries: Neonatal complications, LRTIs, IHD, stroke, diarrhoea

DTMH (9 decks)

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