Global Health Flashcards
Disease vs Disability at the BIO level
disease =physiological dysfunction)
impairment =loss of body function)
Disease vs Disability at the PSYCHO level
illness = subjective perception
disability = restricted activity
Disease vs Disability at the SOCIAL level
sickness = unable to fill social role
handicap = disadvantage in social role
Continuum of Strategies? Upstream to Downstream
- Action on the social determinants of health
- Health promotion (Ottawa Charter)
- Primary, secondary and tertiary prevention
- Diagnosis, treatment & rehabilitation
Continuum of Strategies - where do patients fit?
Upstream or Downstream?
Distal or Proximal?
Diagnosis, treatment & rehabilitation
Downstream
Proximal
Continuum of Strategies - where does the general population fit?
Upstream or Downstream?
Distal or Proximal?
Action on the social determinants of health
Upstream
Distal
Risk factor
personal behaviour or lifestyle, an environmental exposure or an inborn or inherited characteristic - that is associated to a certain health condition
Focus on personal behaviours
are risk factors
Upstream or Downstream?
Distal or Proximal?
Downstream
Proximal
Determinant
Range of social, economic and environmental factors that determine the health status of individuals or populations
are determinants
Upstream or Downstream?
Distal or Proximal?
Upstream
Distal
Indigenous Health Framework
- World View
- Rights
- Legal frameworks
- Institutions
- Programs
- Conduct
4 Core functions of public health
- Surveillance
- Health protection
- Disease (and injury) prevention
- Health promotion
Ottawa Charter
5 action areas for health promotion
- Build healthy PUBLIC POLICY
- create SUPPORTIVE ENVIRONMENTS
- strengthen COMMUNITY ACTIONS
- develop PERSONAL SKILLS
- reorient HEALTH SERVICES
What do supportive social environments do?
- IMPROVE mental health
- childhood: encourage prosocial behaviours
- adolescence: promote social stability
- adult and seniors: reduce chronic disease
What is the dual goal of Population Health?
- Improving health of overall population
- reducing health inequities
Controlling a health problem requires
Awareness that problem exits
Understanding the cause
Capacity to control cause
Sense that it is a problem worth solving
Political will
What is public health?
-preventing disease
-prolonging life
-promoting health
Primary Prevention
Timing
Goal
Examples
Decrease INCIDENCE
Before person gets disease
Reduce risk factors to avoid ever getting disease
smoking cessation, physical activity, vaccination, maintaining healthy weight, avoiding sun exposure
Secondary Prevention
Timing
Goal
Examples
decrease PREVALENCE
Has disease at early stage, does not know it as it is preclinical/asymptomatic
Detect disease early to cure or slow progression with greater success than if diagnosed clinically
cancer screening programs, periodic health exams
Tertiary Prevention
Timing
Goal
Examples
decrease IMPACT
person has symptomatic disease
to care for those with disease, slow progression, prevent complications, reintegrate into social role
treatment, rehabilitation
Frontline workers can make a difference by
- Treating the immediate health problem
- Asking about the underlying social problems
- Referring to local social support resources
- Advocating for more supportive environments
COPC
Community oriented primary care
What are the three levels you can act on
Micro-level - patient level
Meso-level - practice level
Macro-level - community level
Levels of Violence?
Collective - large groups: social, political and economic violence
Interpersonal - between individuals
Self-directed - self-abuse, suicide
Interpersonal violence: 2 categories
Family violence: child maltreatment, intimate partner violence (IPV), elder abuse
Community violence: acquaintance (e.g. bullying), stranger (e.g. gang violence)
Interpersonal violence: 4 ways
Physical
Sexual
Psychological
Deprivation or Neglect
What interventions work to prevent violence?
- Home or family based (nurse home visitation programs, parenting programs)
-School/centre-based (early childhood development programs, social-emotional learning, bullying prevention, academic enrichment)
-Community based (drug prevention programs, harm reduction approaches, street lighting and other environmental changes, etc)
WHO proposes 7 strategies for preventing violence
- Laws
- Norms
- Environments
- Parental Support
- Economic Strengthening
- Response Services
- Education and life skills
What goes into our health?
10-20% is health care delivery
80-90% is SDoH:
- economic stability
-food security
-neighbourhood
-education
-social
-Health care
