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111 > Global Health > Flashcards

Global Health Flashcards

1
Q

Disease vs Disability at the BIO level

A

disease =physiological dysfunction)
impairment =loss of body function)

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2
Q

Disease vs Disability at the PSYCHO level

A

illness = subjective perception
disability = restricted activity

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3
Q

Disease vs Disability at the SOCIAL level

A

sickness = unable to fill social role
handicap = disadvantage in social role

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4
Q

Continuum of Strategies? Upstream to Downstream

A
  1. Action on the social determinants of health
  2. Health promotion (Ottawa Charter)
  3. Primary, secondary and tertiary prevention
  4. Diagnosis, treatment & rehabilitation
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5
Q

Continuum of Strategies - where do patients fit?
Upstream or Downstream?
Distal or Proximal?

A

Diagnosis, treatment & rehabilitation
Downstream
Proximal

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6
Q

Continuum of Strategies - where does the general population fit?
Upstream or Downstream?
Distal or Proximal?

A

Action on the social determinants of health
Upstream
Distal

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7
Q

Risk factor

A

personal behaviour or lifestyle, an environmental exposure or an inborn or inherited characteristic - that is associated to a certain health condition

Focus on personal behaviours

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8
Q

are risk factors
Upstream or Downstream?
Distal or Proximal?

A

Downstream
Proximal

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9
Q

Determinant

A

Range of social, economic and environmental factors that determine the health status of individuals or populations

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10
Q

are determinants
Upstream or Downstream?
Distal or Proximal?

A

Upstream
Distal

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11
Q

Indigenous Health Framework

A
  1. World View
  2. Rights
  3. Legal frameworks
  4. Institutions
  5. Programs
  6. Conduct
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12
Q

4 Core functions of public health

A
  1. Surveillance
  2. Health protection
  3. Disease (and injury) prevention
  4. Health promotion
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13
Q

Ottawa Charter
5 action areas for health promotion

A
  • Build healthy PUBLIC POLICY
  • create SUPPORTIVE ENVIRONMENTS
  • strengthen COMMUNITY ACTIONS
  • develop PERSONAL SKILLS
  • reorient HEALTH SERVICES
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14
Q

What do supportive social environments do?

A
  • IMPROVE mental health
  • childhood: encourage prosocial behaviours
  • adolescence: promote social stability
  • adult and seniors: reduce chronic disease
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15
Q

What is the dual goal of Population Health?

A
  1. Improving health of overall population
  2. reducing health inequities
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16
Q

Controlling a health problem requires

A

Awareness that problem exits
Understanding the cause
Capacity to control cause
Sense that it is a problem worth solving
Political will

17
Q

What is public health?

A

-preventing disease
-prolonging life
-promoting health

18
Q

Primary Prevention

Timing
Goal
Examples

A

Decrease INCIDENCE

Before person gets disease

Reduce risk factors to avoid ever getting disease

smoking cessation, physical activity, vaccination, maintaining healthy weight, avoiding sun exposure

19
Q

Secondary Prevention

Timing
Goal
Examples

A

decrease PREVALENCE

Has disease at early stage, does not know it as it is preclinical/asymptomatic

Detect disease early to cure or slow progression with greater success than if diagnosed clinically

cancer screening programs, periodic health exams

20
Q

Tertiary Prevention

Timing
Goal
Examples

A

decrease IMPACT

person has symptomatic disease

to care for those with disease, slow progression, prevent complications, reintegrate into social role

treatment, rehabilitation

21
Q

Frontline workers can make a difference by

A
  1. Treating the immediate health problem
  2. Asking about the underlying social problems
  3. Referring to local social support resources
  4. Advocating for more supportive environments
22
Q

COPC

A

Community oriented primary care

23
Q

What are the three levels you can act on

A

Micro-level - patient level
Meso-level - practice level
Macro-level - community level

24
Q

Levels of Violence?

A

Collective - large groups: social, political and economic violence
Interpersonal - between individuals
Self-directed - self-abuse, suicide

25
Q

Interpersonal violence: 2 categories

A

Family violence: child maltreatment, intimate partner violence (IPV), elder abuse
Community violence: acquaintance (e.g. bullying), stranger (e.g. gang violence)

26
Q

Interpersonal violence: 4 ways

A

Physical
Sexual
Psychological
Deprivation or Neglect

27
Q

What interventions work to prevent violence?

A
  • Home or family based (nurse home visitation programs, parenting programs)

-School/centre-based (early childhood development programs, social-emotional learning, bullying prevention, academic enrichment)

-Community based (drug prevention programs, harm reduction approaches, street lighting and other environmental changes, etc)

28
Q

WHO proposes 7 strategies for preventing violence

A
  1. Laws
  2. Norms
  3. Environments
  4. Parental Support
  5. Economic Strengthening
  6. Response Services
  7. Education and life skills
29
Q

What goes into our health?

A

10-20% is health care delivery

80-90% is SDoH:
- economic stability
-food security
-neighbourhood
-education
-social
-Health care

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