ANS pharmacology

Question 1

clonidine

Answer 1

a2 receptor agonist = stimulates inihbitory autoreceptors= decrease NE release = hence decreased PVR, HR and BP

(main anti-HT action is via CNS)

Question 2

pseudoephedrine

Answer 2

indirect agonist = increases NE

given intranasally = local vasoconstriction = nasal decongestant

Question 3

pheochromocytoma

Answer 3

a tumor secreting excessive nor(epinephrine)

Question 4

prazosin

Answer 4

a1 receptor antagonist = reduces BP
competitive reversible
decreases peripheral vasoconstriction
decreases peripheral arterial resistance

Question 5

phenoxybenzamine

Answer 5

a1 and a2 antagnosist

irreversible

binds covalently = good for treating pheochromocytoma

Question 6

phenylephrine

Answer 6

a1 agonist = increases BP
increases peripheral vasoconstriction
increases peripheral arterial resistance

Question 7

propranolol

Answer 7

prototype B blocker, blocking b1 and b2 receptors

Question 8

Contraindications of propranolol

Answer 8

compensated cardiac failure (sympathetic drive important to keep <3 working)

asthma (impedes bronchodilator caused by sympathetic input)

physical fatigue (even in normal subject)

Question 9

propranolol therapeutic uses

Answer 9

HT

Angina pectoris

cardiac arryhthmia

Question 10

albuterol

Answer 10

short acting B2 agonist

aka salbulatomol, Ventolin

relaxes bronchial smooth muscle = breathing!

Question 11

M1 receptors

Answer 11

brain, postganglionic neurone

Question 12

M2 receptors

Answer 12

autoreceptors and heart – what is stimulated by ACh released by the vagus nerve in the SA node to reduce HR

Question 13

M3 receptors

Answer 13

airways, exocrine glands

Question 14

cocaine

Answer 14

blocks reuptake of NE in the synapse; excessive NE can increase BP and cause stroke

Question 15

A1 receptors

Answer 15

vascular smooth muscle

Question 16

A2 receptors

Answer 16

Autoreceptros, inhibit NE release

Question 17

B1 receptors

Answer 17

adrenergic receptor in heart

Question 18

B2 receptors

Answer 18

adrenergic receptors in lungs

Question 19

what are the opposing effects of the sympathetic system on PVR

Answer 19

vasoconstriction in skin and viscera via a1 receptors responding to NE and Epi

vasodilation in skeletal muscle via B2 receptors responding to Epi only

Question 20

epinephrine (receptors)

Answer 20

FIGHT OR FLIGHT

stimulates all 4

vasoconstrictor (a1)
vasodilator (b2)
cardiac stimulant (b1)

Question 21

norepinephrine receptors

Answer 21

AT REST

stimulates all but LITTLE B2

vasoconstrictor (a1)
[vasodilator (b2)]** does not vasodilator in skeletal muscles, only EPI does that
cardiac stimulant (b1)