Global Governance SIL content

Question 1

What is the purpose of IGOs?

Answer 1

To combat complex interrelationships, political conflicts and economic disputes and act as instruments for international cooperation.

Question 2

How do IGOs promote growth and stability?

Answer 2

• Economic growth is promoted through trade laws and regulations et by the WTO, allowing less developed countries to grow economically.
• Global institutions stabilise economies
• Global institutions, like the International Criminal Court, maintain social equality to allow societal growth
• ## The World Health Organisation promotes global health to ensure social stability

Question 3

How do IGOs exacerbate inequalities and injustices?

Answer 3

• Some IGOs are not representative of every country, placing some nations at a disadvantage.
• The World Bank and IMF only give loans conditionally, which can leave countries exposed to exploitation.
• International laws and treaties are voluntary, limiting the power of IGOs
• Companies may manipulate the rules of global institutions to enhance their profits.

Question 4

What is the UN?

Answer 4

An IGO with the overall aim to maintain international peace and security.

Question 5

How many countries are involved in the UN?

Answer 5

193

Question 6

What are the 5 main institutions within the UN?

Answer 6

1. General Assembly
2. Security Council
3. International Court of Justice
4. UNESCO: Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation
5. Peacekeeping

Question 7

How does the UN promote growth and stability?

Answer 7

1. UN sanctions have allowed inequalities and injustices to be resolved since the UN punishes nations that do not follow international laws.
2. The UN’s Millennium Development Goals and Sustainable Development goals promote economic, social and environmental growth.
3. The International Court of Justice protects social rights by punishing those who commit crimes against humanity.
4. The Declaration of Human Rights protects all nations involved in the declaration.

Question 8

How does the UN exacerbate inequalities and injustices?

Answer 8

1. The UN Peacekeeping Forces have come under major criticism for crimes against vulnerable citizens, such as sexual assault and human trafficking
2. The UN has been accused of being inactive in many cases where aid or intervention is desperately needed
3. The UN has been accused of creating inequalities through bias of countries, specifically nations in conflict (e.g biased against Israel in the Israel-Palestine conflict)

Question 9

Give 3 examples of Millennium Development Goals.

Answer 9

1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
2. Reduce child mortality
3. Ensure environmental sustainability

Question 10

Give 3 examples of Sustainable Development Goals.

Answer 10

1. No poverty
2. No hunger
3. Quality education

Question 11

How does the Sustainable Development Goal ‘Quality education’ aim to meet the requirements of the goal?

Answer 11

• Advancing educational policy
• Transforming learning environments
• Improving the quality of teaching
• Empowering and mobilizing young people
• Accelerating local level action

Question 12

What challenges may cause the UN to struggle to meet the requirements of the Sustainable Development Goal ‘ Quality education’?

Answer 12

• Educators may have to overcome difficult language barriers
• Renovating schools and improving their safety is extremely expensive
• Expanding higher education scholarship opportunities in developing countries is going to rely on considerable investment

Question 13

What were the Millennium Development Goals?

Answer 13

UN declarations which promoted stability and growth and aimed to globally improve the quality of life of member states

Question 14

Give an example of one success of the Millennium Development Goals.

Answer 14

The MDGs have helped to cut the global poverty rate in half since 1990.

Question 15

Give an example of one failure of the Millennium Development Goals.

Answer 15

58 million children remain out of education.

Question 16

What are the Sustainable Development Goals?

Answer 16

Un declarations which aim to promote sustainable development, tackle climate change and reduce inequalities. These goals replaced the MDGs in 2015.

Question 17

Why did the Human Rights Council receive criticism from their response to the Israel-Palestine conflict?

Answer 17

The Human Rights Council adopted 135 resolutions criticising countries, with 68 of them targeting Israel.

Question 18

What are the main aims of the General Assembly?

Answer 18

To discuss and debate issues of peace and security between all 193 members, making it an organisation of universal representation.

Question 19

What are the main aims of the UN Security Council?

Answer 19

To solve threats to peace by having each of its 15 members vote on problems and deliver economic sanctions and other mean to resolve issues.

Question 20

What are the main aims of the International Court of Justice?

Answer 20

To maintain peace by settling legal disputes and international law breaks that are submitted by member states and also offering legal advice.

Question 21

What are the main aims of the UNESCO?

Answer 21

To stand up for the freedom of expression by maintaining peace through education, science and culture.

Question 22

What are the main aims of the UN Peacekeeping?

Answer 22

To bring peace to places of disruption and post - conflict but sending peacekeeping forces into areas of instability, with the aim to restore stability and order.

Question 23

What is the United Nations Development Programme?

Answer 23

A development agency which helps countries to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals by helping to eradicate poverty, reduce inequalities and build resilience in 170 countries and territories.

Question 24

What is the IPCC (International Panel on Climate Change)?

Answer 24

The United Nations body for assessing the science related to climate change.

Question 25

What is the Environmental Impact Assessment?

Answer 25

An assessment which aims to anticipate the likely impacts of a resource extraction project on surface and ground water, soil, air, biota and humans, then modify the protect to try and minimise the negative impacts.