🔵Global Governance

Question 1

Global governance

Answer 1

The movement of political integration aimed at negotiating responses to problems that affect one state or region

Question 2

Global commons

Answer 2

Resource domains/high areas that lie outside of political reach of any one nation.
Antarctica/Outer space/High seas/Atmosphere

Question 3

Environmental sustainability

Answer 3

A state in which the demand placed on the environment can be reached without reducing the quality of the environment.

Question 4

Norms (social)

Answer 4

Shared values/traditions/customs that govern individual and group behaviours in society. Perception of what is acceptable or not.

Social – international laws contained within international agreement based on the values and customs that exist and guide a societies behaviour

Question 5

Reproduction

Answer 5

The way existing global systems remain largely unchanged and are even extended and reinforced by regulation.

Question 6

Problems faced as a result of interconnected global world

Answer 6

Environmental decline
Climate emergency
Resource dependancy
Economic inequalities
Conflict
Health
Human rights

Question 7

‘Key players’ in global governance

Answer 7

Supranational bodies (EU and UN) - bodies where member nations delegate some authority to them.

In turn national governments play a role by agreeing to act in line with proposals made by these supranational organisations (eg. Passing national laws to restrict CO2 emissions as a share of the climate change limitation agreements or acting according to UN Deceleration of Human Rights.

TNC’s also play a role due to their power and influence.

Question 8

Hows the UN Security Council organised - why do people want this changed?

Answer 8

Because the 5 members (Russia, UK, US, France, China) one of them (Russia) has moved in on Ukraine. The permanent membership system doesn’t provide all countries with the fair amount of power.

The 5 veto member don’t represent every country equally.

Also 1/5 (china) rejected Taiwan as being a sovereign country as China is able to block Taiwan becoming a member.

Question 9

What power does the UN Security Council have?

Answer 9

Primary responsibility within the UN of maintaining international peace and security. It’s the only UN organ that has the power to make decisions that member states are obligated to implement.

Question 10

Explain and define the 17 SDG’s

Answer 10

17 sustainable development goals

Originally conceived by the UN as the blueprint for the sustainable future for all.

They address the interconnected global challenges we face and are designed to leave no one behind.

Replaced millennium development goals.

Many of the goals are interrelated - cant be achieved on their own.

Question 11

UN - global governance positives

Answer 11

Achieved a great deal in marinating stability, reducing poverty and organising responses to inequality, injustice, climate change and SDG’s.

Question 12

UN - global governance negatives

Answer 12

Lack of agreement and subsequent inaction on many security issues, limited power to enforce regulations by national governments.

Question 13

Bilateral agreement

Answer 13

An agreement on trade (or aid) that is negotiated between 2 countries or 2 groups of countries.

Question 14

Multi-scalar power

Answer 14

When the ability to influence (or prevent) change is vested in citizens, governments, institutions and other interested group (players) located and acting at different geographical scales.

Question 15

Multilateral agreement

Answer 15

An agreement negotiated between more than 2 countries or groups of countries at the same time.

Question 16

Sustainable development

Answer 16

At the earth summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, leaders of the international community adopted Agenda 21 a UN non-binding resolution that was seen as a blueprint for sustainable development.

Question 17

Climate change UNFCCC Paris Climate Summit in December 2015

Answer 17

Landmark agreement to combat climate change was struck nu the world leaders. The Paris agreement came into force in November 2016.

Agreements central aim is to keep global temperature rise this century to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels to limit the temperature increase to 1.5°C

Question 18

Physical geography of Antarctica (as a global common)

Answer 18

Global common - earths shared resources
Has no national government
Outside of any one country / nations political reach

Question 19

Location of Antarctica

Answer 19

Most of Antarctica is south of the Antarctic Circle (with the exception of parts of the East Antarctic coastline and the Antarctic Peninsular which extends northwards from West Antarctic to about 63°)

Much of the continents coastline is fringed by ice shelves (Ross Ice Shelf in the Ross Sea and Ronnie Ice Shelf in the Wendell Sea)