global gov (3.2.1.3)

Question 1

why have trends and patterns in trade changed?

Answer 1

due to globalisation

Question 2

what has happened since 1980s to the volume and value of trade?

Answer 2

increased

Question 3

what type of country is the largest exporter and importer?

Answer 3

HICs and most export production in NEEs/ LICs

Question 4

who are the largest exporter?

Answer 4

china

Question 5

what are the 4 main reasons there has been a change in patterns/ trends of trade?

Answer 5

• trade blocs= increased free trade
• free market (neoliberal ideas (WTO))
• increase of fair trade
• increase of middle class in NEEs

Question 6

what has happened since 1980 to investment?

Answer 6

the volume has increased

Question 7

what is the changing pattern from 1980-now

Answer 7

investment went HIC>HIC

now with chinas open door policy HIC>LIC

Question 8

what is FDI attracted by? 3

Answer 8

• size of market
• stability of market
• resources (minerals)

Question 9

what case study is used for world trade in one food commodity?

Answer 9

bananas

Question 10

where are bananas mainly grown? (3)

Answer 10

• Asia
• Latin America
• Africa

Question 11

who is the largest producer of bananas?

Answer 11

India and china (larger international Market)

Question 12

who is the largest exporter of bananas?

Answer 12

Latin America- carribean

Question 13

who are the biggest consumers of bananas?

Answer 13

EU (50%) and US (18%)

Question 14

the banana market is dominated by TNC who is the largest TNC in the banana market and what %?

Answer 14

Chiquita (45%) or market share

Question 15

what is the issue with large TNCs dominating the market?

Answer 15

leads to inequality of products

Question 16

what is a trade war?

Answer 16

ban on trade (often a political move)

Question 17

give an example of a trade war?

Answer 17

• 1973 oil crisis
• OPEC proclaimed an oil ban on US and so the oil prices in US ^x4
• Trump puts in sanctions today against china
• increased tariffs to encourage consumers to buy American products

Question 18

what does TNC stand for?

Answer 18

transnational corporation (companies in 2+ countries)

Question 19

what do TNCs dominate?

Answer 19

world trade

Question 20

what are TNCs responsible for?

Answer 20

developing a global supply chain

Question 21

what is the common spatial organisation of TNCs? 3

Answer 21

• most research and development in HICS (silicone valley)
• manufacturing where labour is cheaper/ less enviro regulations
• factories where market is (less tax)

Question 22

what is the common production of TNCs?

Answer 22

-offshoring/outsourcing to increase profits (cheaper labour) this creates a global supply chain

Question 23

what are linkages?

Answer 23

TNCs make links to expand their operation

Question 24

what are the different types of linkages? 5

Answer 24

• mergers
• acquisition
• FDI
• vertical integration
• horizontal integration

Question 25

what is a merger?

Answer 25

two companies of similar size join (exon+mobile 1998 oil)

Question 26

what is an acquisition?

Answer 26

where a company buys another company (Facebook/ instagram)

Question 27

what is an FDI?

Answer 27

investment of money into a company/ country includes merges/ acqusitions

Question 28

what is vertical integration?

Answer 28

takes over supply chain (shell)

Question 29

what is horizontal integration?

Answer 29

similar stage/ size of production

Question 30

at the TNC host country what are the social pos/neg (1 each)?

Answer 30

√ skilled jobs | x poor working conditions

Question 31

at the TNC origin what are the social pos/neg (1 each)?

Answer 31

√ high skilled jobs | x deindustrialisation

Question 32

at the TNC host country what are the £ pos/neg (1 each)?

Answer 32

√ multiplier effect (FDI) | x eco leakages

Question 33

at the TNC origin country what are the £ pos/neg (1 each)?

Answer 33

√ low prices | x TNC dominate (clone town)

Question 34

at the TNC host country what are the enviro pos/neg (1 each)?

Answer 34

√ sustainable technology | x environmental pollution

Question 35

at the TNC origin country what are the enviro pos/neg (1 each)?

Answer 35

√ renewable technology | x environmental pollution

Question 36

what TNC case study can you use?

Answer 36

APPLE

Question 37

where are the apple HQ/ R+D | when built

Answer 37

apple park, silicone valley, Cupertino, California | started building 2013 opened 2017

Question 38

where/when is the apple EU headquarters and online support?

Answer 38

Hollyhill, Cork, Ireland 1980

Question 39

how many employees are housed at cork, Ireland HQ?

Answer 39

6,000

Question 40

how many employees are housed at California HQ?

Answer 40

12,000

Question 41

where are most of the apple assembly factories?

Answer 41

china o

Question 42

where is production outsourced to for the making of apple products?

Answer 42

Foxconn- Taiwanese company

Question 43

how many jobs does apple provide across the whole 50 states of America?

Answer 43

2,000,000

Question 44

how many treaties stores does apple have world wide?

Answer 44

511 (2021)

Question 45

what are the total assets of apple 2021?

Answer 45

$351 billion

Question 46

what are 3 main factors that have brought apples success?

Answer 46

- well designed products - innovative products - slick marketing

Question 47

name 3 positive of apples impact on Ireland?

Answer 47

- attracted highly skilled workers - contributed to infrastructural improvements of the city - has enhanced the republics reputation for hosting high tech TNCS which contributed to the 'Celtic tiger' economy

Question 48

what is the main negative of apples involvement in Ireland?

Answer 48

most of the highly skilled workers in Hollyhill are foreign nationals so apple is accused of not creating sufficient work for the local people

Question 49

what is the issues with chinas working conditions?

Answer 49

-working conditions: 2006 reported that 200,000 workers who lived in the Shenzen factory were regally working more than 60 hr per week for $100 a month which half was taken for living expensive (38p per hr) "sweatshop conditions"

Question 50

what is the issues with chinas health and safety conditions?

Answer 50

2010 50 workers from Lianjian technology were poisoned by a toxic chemical used to clean iPad screens and sued apple

Question 51

what is the issues with chinas student and child labour practises?

Answer 51

Foxconn used students and children as a way of maintaining low costs and a flexible labour force

Question 52

what was a result of a the stress caused by the apple workers?

Answer 52

suicide- in 2009 a Foxconn worker committed cuicide after coming under pressure following the disappearance of a prototype model of the iPhone 4. by the end of 2010, 14 suicides had occurred due to the severe working conditions

Question 53

what was apple criticised on environmentally by Greenpeace?

Answer 53

- its reliance own non-renewable resources - use of toxic chemicals - discharge of toxic chemicals into local water supply - lack of recyclability of apply products

Question 54

how did apple respond to its environmental criticisms? (4)

Answer 54

-uses 75% renewable energy -investing in large solar panels to power its data centres -remove PVC plastics form products -promotes recycling of products as a result it has moved up the green flag electronics ranking form 11th in 2006 to 6th in 2012