Global gov (3.2.1.2) Flashcards
what 4 sections can interdependence be split up into?
- economic
- political
- social
- environmental
how do countries rely on each other economically?
economic growth
how do countries rely on each other politically?
global issues (climate change, COVID)
how do countries rely on each other socially?
migration
how do countries rely on each other environmentally?
environment/ global commons
what is a negative of interdependence?
can create inequalities between and within countries, flows of people capitol ideas are unequal
what is a strength of interdependence
can bring benefits to some people and countries
what is the dependency theory?
diagram representing core countries (HICs) and periphery countires (LICs) and the flows between them
what would be the flows from periphery countries to core countries?
- low value raw materials
- skilled migrants
- interest paid on loans
what would be the flows from core countries to periphery countries? 3
- loans
- aid
- waste
what is global governance?
the emergence of norms, rules, laws and institiuations that have regulated global systems
what is the key international organisation?
UN
when was the UN created and why?
1945 after WW2 to promote growth and stability maintaining international peace
how many countries are in the general assembly of the UN?
193
who are part of the security council?
- UK
- RUSSIA
- FRACE
- CHINA
- USA
what is the security council
they ave the power of VETO, so if something is going to get passed through one of these countries can say no and it will stop it
who are the UN peace keeping force ?
- called blue helmets,
- over 100,000 field personal (80% from lic/nees)
- aims to promote peace
who are the two UN organs?
UNPD
UNICEF
who are the specialised agencies?
-FAO
-WHO
-WTO
-IMF
they are part of the un family but interdependent international organisations
who are the WB?
world bank, importance source of financial and technical assistance to developing countries and its aim is to reduce poverty (185 mem)
who are the WTO?
world trade organisation- deals global rules of trade between nations and help resolve disputes
who are the IMF?
The International Monetary Fund who regulates global economy and advices government to develop it also gives loans to support economic development
what do the WTO, WB, and IMF all encourage (policy?)
neoliberal policies
encourage free trade
who are NB saps?
structural adjustment programme policies countries must follow in order to qualify for a loan from the IMF/WB.
example of NB saps?
Bolivia 2000 received a loan and water was privatised in price (doubled) led to national strikes
what is the gini index?
measures the level of inequality of income distribution within a country, based on Lorenz curve
what has globalisation done to global inequality?
reduced inequality between countries but increased inequality within countries (rich get richer/ poor get poorer)
what are the benefits of unequal flows of people? (2)
- remmitances sent home = development
- less dependancy on aid
how are unequal flows of people unequal?(2)
- skilled workers benefit the most from job op
- internal inequalities - ‘rural’ lead to ‘brain drain’
how are unequal flows of people injust? (2)
- unfair working conditions (exploitation/ death) (Rana Plaza- Bangladesh)
- Fifa World Cup in Qatar 1400 died in making the stadiums
how can unequal flows of people cause conflict? (1)
-workers conflict immigration laws
how can unequal flows of money (TNC) bring benefits to countries? (3)
- stability from increased trade
- trade encourages co-operation
- £ growth= multiplier effect
how can unequal flows of money bring inequality? (1)
- access to markets is uneven= increased internals inequality
how can unequal flows of money become unjust? (3)
- low wages in underdeveloped countries (apple)
- modern slavery/ child labour (Primark)
- impact farmers
how can unequal flows of money bring conflict? (2)
- disputes after tariffs
- deforestation for raw materials= enviro conflict (palm oil-illegal)
how can ideas and technology bring benefits to a country? (2)
- internet available globally (supports edu)
- transport/ communication can spread ideas
how can ideas and technology bring inequality to a country? (2)
- people cannot afford it
- switched off from globalisation
how can ideas and technology bring injustices to a country? (1)
-censorship (china limits social globalisation NO FACEBOOK)
how can ideas and technology bring conflict to a country? (2)
- ideas are dominated by west views (neoliberal trade)
- privatisation (the transfer of a business, industry, or service from public to private ownership and control.)
globalisation creates dependancies that leads to what?
issues of inequalities, injustices and conflict
how can gloablisation make some countries more powerful? 2
- countries with access to markets + TNCs can control markets and influence global eco
- climate change- HICs contribute most to emissions but impacts LICs most
how do global institutions reinforce unequal power relations?
UN, IMF, WB are mostly in HICs and influence decision making such as the security council
give an example of unequal power relations?
Paris climate agreement (2016) goal to keep emissions below 2 degrees- USA pulled out
what are the global, international, national and regional governances?
- global UN
- international- EU
- national- UK
- regional- local authorities
where do NGOs operate?
at a range of scales
